问题 阅读理解与欣赏
阅读文段,回答问题。
  ①俗话说:“民以食为天。”近年来,我们的食品安全环境日趋严峻,随着毒奶粉、染色馒头等事件的不断出现,人们不禁要问,食品添加剂安全吗?
  ②食品添加剂是指经国家批准的,因防腐保鲜、提高加工工艺等需要而加入食品中的化学合成物或天然物质。我国《食品添加剂使用卫生标准》将其分为防腐剂、凝固剂、品质改良剂、增味剂、营养强化剂等22类1500多种。当人类的食品进入工业化生产之后,除了极少数的天然野生食品外,几乎没有什么是不含添加成分的。目前,近97%的食品中使用了各类添加剂。可以说,食品添加剂已成为现代食品工业生产中不可缺少的物质。
  ③食品添加剂对食品的防腐保鲜效果十分明显。根据食品安全要求,每克食品的细菌总数不能超过8万个。假如不用防腐剂,即使在0—4℃的低温环境中,肉制品保存到第五天,细菌总数也将超过每克10万个。而防腐剂能遏制肉制品中的肉毒梭状芽孢杆菌的大量繁殖,有效延长肉制品的保持期。
  ④食品添加剂不但能防腐保鲜,还能改善食品的外观和口味。食品的酸、甜、鲜通常不是食品天然拥有的口味,往往是由添加剂“调”出来的。食品的诱人口感,如面条有弹性,点心酥脆,大多也是添加剂的功劳。
  ⑤现在,人们又发现不少食品添加剂还具有防病抗病的功能。如腐乳红曲是由大米发酵而来的,能够降低血脂,它既是色素又是功能性添加剂;从甘草里面提取的甜味剂,能改善肝功能;从玉米芯里面提取的木糖醇具有护肝、防龋齿的作用。除此以外,食品添加剂还能够调整食物的营养结构,如在面粉里面添加钙粉、维生素等,能使面粉的营养更加全面。
  ⑥现代食品工业发展离不开食品添加剂,食品添加剂的使用也直接影响食品安全。例如,摄入过多的膨松剂或防腐剂,轻则会引起流口水、腹泻、心跳加快等症状,重则会对胃、肝、肾造成严重危害。为规范食品添加剂的使用,各国都制定了严格的法律法规。如我国的食品卫生标准就明确规定,山梨酸钾可以作为食品防腐剂,但必须严格控制添加比例,它的许可添加量为0.5%以内。在美国,苯甲酸钠只允许在化妆品中使用,并且浓度必须在0.1%—0.2%范围内。世界卫生组织也规定了一个“ADI”值,即依照人体体重,一种无健康危害的食品添加剂的每日允许摄入量的估计值。例如:糖精钠的ADI值为5毫克/公斤,即糖精钠每日允许摄入量为每公斤体重5毫克。
  ⑦必须指出的是,一直受到人们谴责的苏丹红、三聚氰胺等都不是食品添加剂,而是非法添加物。这样的非法添加物常见的还有块黄、硼酸、硫氰酸钠、蛋白精、酸性橙等。一般来说,不违规不超量不超范围的使用食品添加剂,食品是安全的。(选自《科学画报》有删改)
【链接材料】
                    某食品配料表
原料
比例
添加剂
比例
小麦粉
83%
山梨酸钾
0.7%
鸡蛋
10%
硫氰酸钠
0.2%
白砂糖
6%
腐乳红曲
0.1%
1、食品添加剂在现代食品工业中有哪些功能?请简要概括。
_____________________________________________________
2、联系上下文,请简要说说下面句子中加粗词语的作用。
除了极少数的天然野生食品外,几乎没有什么是不含添加成分的。
_____________________________________________________
3、作者在第③段中列举了一系列数字,请分析它们的作用。
_____________________________________________________
4、阅读链接材料,请你根据本文有关食品添加剂的知识,判定这一食品能否安全食用?说说你的理由。
_____________________________________________________
答案

1、防腐保鲜功能,改善食品外观和口味的功能,防病抗病功能,调整食物营养结构的功能。

2、答案示例一:“极少数”是说明不含添加剂的食品很少,“几乎”说明含添加剂的食品很多,它们准确说明食品添加剂在现代食品工业中使用广泛(或食品添加剂是现代食品工业生产中不可缺少的物质)。

示例二:“极少数”和“几乎”都起了限定作用,准确说明食品添加剂是现代食品工业生产中不可缺少的物质。

3、第③段中数字是为了准确说明食品添加剂的防腐保鲜效果十分明显。

4、答案示例:该食品不能安全食用。理由1:该食品添加剂中的硫氰酸钠是非法添加物,超出食品添加剂的使用范围。理由2:山梨酸钾的添加量超出0.5%的规定标准。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     President Barack Obama's speeches are proving a best-seller in Japan -- as an aid to learning English.

An English-language textbook, "The Speeches of Barack Obama," has sold more than 400,000 copies

in two months, a big hit in a country where few hit novels sell more than a million copies a year.

Japanese have a love for learning English and many bookstores have a corner especially for dozens of

journals in the language, many of them now featuring(给……以显要位置) the new U.S. leader's face.

     "Speeches by presidents and presidential candidates(候选人) are excellent as listening tools to learn

English, because their contents are good and their words are easy to catch," said Yuzo Yamamoto of

Asahi Press, which produced the best-selling text book.

     "Obama's is especially so. His speeches are so moving, and he also uses words such as 'yes, we

can,' 'change' and 'hope' that even Japanese people can memorize," he said.

     "Speeches by George W. Bush and former nominee (被提名者) John Kerry's four years ago did not

have the same attraction, however, and nor do those made by Japanese politicians, Yamamoto said.

     The 95-page book features Obama's speeches in English from the 2004 Democratic National

Convention and during the Democratic Party primaries, in which he defeated Hillary Clinton. They are

accompanied by Japanese translations.

     The 1,050 yen ($12) book, which includes a CD of the speeches, tops the bestseller list on bookseller Amazon's Japanese Website.

     "Readers have sent in postcards saying that when they heard the speeches, they were so moved and

ried even though they don't understand English very well," Yamamoto said.

     Following Obama's inauguration ( 就职典礼) on Tuesday, Asahi Press plans to issue a sequel (续集)

that includes his inaugural address, as well as President John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural speech. It will

also feature a reading of President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg address of 1863.

1. Why are Obama's speeches chosen as listening materials?

A. They're easy to understand. 

B. They're cheap to buy.

C. They're best-sellers. 

D. They're official.

2. Which of the following is NOT true about "The Speeches of Barack Obama"? 

A. It is published in English with Japanese translations. 

B. More than 400,000 copies have been sold in a month. 

C. It is sold with a CD of the speeches. 

D. It is a best-selling textbook published by Asahi Press.

3. It can be inferred fro the passage that _____. 

A. Japanese care little about US presidents' speeches 

B. the best-seller includes Obama's inaugural speech

C. speeches by Japanese politicians have the same attraction 

D. many readers are benefiting from the best-seller

4. The best title for the passage might be _____.  

A. Obama helps Japanese learn English 

B. Obama: from promise to power 

C. Japanese learn English from Obama's speeches 

D. Obama and English learning

单项选择题