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问题 选择题

目前，我国的国有企业、政府机关、各种事业单位（通过财政拨款支付工资）等，都实行按劳分配。按劳分配的基本内容是，在公有制经济中，在对社会总产品作了各项必要的扣除后

A．以劳动者向社会提供的劳动为尺度，分配个人消费品

B．劳动者付出了劳动，就一定得到相应的报酬

C．给劳动者支付工资

D．以劳动者提供的各种生产要素为尺度，实行多劳多得，少劳少得

答案

答案：A

B不准确，劳动者的报酬是与企业的效益挂钩的，企业亏损，即使劳动者付出劳动，也不一定得到报酬。非公有制企业中的受雇者也是通过付出劳动而获得工资，C不是按劳分配与非公有制中凭借劳动进行分配的区别。按劳分配只是根据劳动来分配，不包括其他生产要素，D不选。

填空题


In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing the words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing worD．The time for this section is 20 minutes.
Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know.
First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort. (1) is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has (2) language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one (3) . Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men (4) a language.
Second, there is no such thing as a primitive language. There are many people (5) cultures are underdeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the (6) they speak are not primitive. In all known languages we can see complexities (7) must have been tens of thousands of years in development.
This has not (8) been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stateD．Popular ideas (9) the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians (10) in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this (11) be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them (12) out to be very complicated and very old．They are certainly (13) from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are (14) more primitive that English and Greek.
A third thing we know about language (15) that all languages are perfectly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect (16) of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.
Finally, we (17) that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the (18) languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to (19) if we look backward in time. Change goes in all aspects of language. (20) features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

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问答题

很久以前，有一群以卖艺为生的乐舞伎儿要去他国谋生。途中经过婆罗新山，此山素以传说有食人罗刹恶鬼出没而闻名。夜幕降临，众伎儿虽然个个心惊胆颤，但也只好在山中过夜。为了避寒，也为了壮胆，伎儿们生起一大堆篝火，伴火而卧。跋涉了一天的伎儿们渐渐地睡了。只有一个伎儿身感风寒，浑身发冷难以入睡，便将平日扮演恶鬼罗刹的戏服裹在了身上，面向篝火，缩坐着烤火。夜半时分，一个同伴从睡梦中醒来，朦胧中突然看到篝火边坐着位“罗刹”，顿时大惊失色，不及仔细辨别审视一下，就跳将起来，惊叫着撒腿便跑。这一来，惊醒了所有的伎儿，都惊恐万状地四散奔逃。而那位身着罗刹戏服的伎儿见同伴们惊呼罗刹来了，也害怕地跟着大家寻路逃跑。众伎儿慌乱中发现“罗刹”紧跟在他们后面，倍增惶恐，以为罗刹非要追杀他们不可了，于是更加惊慌失措。天色渐明后，他们才看清，那个所谓的罗刹恶魔不过是一个穿着戏服的同伴。
请回答：
(1) 运用唯物辩证法原理分析“为什么众伎儿会如此恐慌”。
(2) 这则故事在认识论上对我们有何启示。
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