问题 计算题

如图所示,在直角坐标系xOy平面内有一矩形区域MNPQ,矩形区域内有水平向右的匀强电场,场强为E;在y0的区域内有垂直于坐标平面向里的匀强磁场,半径为R的光滑绝缘空心半圆管ADO固定在坐标平面内,半圆管的一半处于电场中,圆心O1MN的中点,直径AO垂直于水平虚线MN,一质量为m、电荷量为q的带电粒子(重力不计)从半圆管的O点由静止释放,进入管内后从A点穿出恰能在磁场中做半径为R的匀速圆周运动,当粒子再次进入矩形区域MNPQ时立即撤去磁场,此后粒子恰好从QP的中点C离开电场。求

(1)匀强磁场的磁感应强度B的大小;

(2)矩形区域的长度MN和宽度MQ应满足的条件?

(3)粒子从A点运动到C点的时间。

答案

解:(1)粒子从OA过程中由动能定理得  

A点穿出后做匀速圆周运动,

解得  

(2)粒子再次进入矩形区域后做类平抛运动,由题意得

联立解得

所以,矩形区域的长度MN ,宽度MQ

(3)粒子从A点到矩形边界MN的过程中,

从矩形边界MNC点的过程中,

故所求时间

单项选择题

Dogs are constantly learning from the reaction of human owners, picking up facial cues and anticipating their owner’s behavior, a new research suggests. The findings, published online in the journal Learning and Behavior, show that dogs essentially are always in training, and help explain how many owners unknowingly teach and reward their dog’s bad behavior.

Research conducted at the University of Florida focused on the role of eye contact and facial cues in influencing canine behavior. Earlier studies have suggested that dogs seem to know when they are being watched and even wait to perform forbidden behavior like digging in the garden when they know their owners aren’t looking. In this study, researchers studied how human cues triggered begging behavior among 35 pet dogs, 18 shelter dogs and 8 wolves raised in captivity. First the animals were taught that the human strangers helping with the experiment were reliable sources of tasty treats. The testers stood close together and called to the animal, and both offered rewards of Spam cubes or Beggin’ Strips treats.

After four rewards, the experiment began. Two testers stood against a fence or wall, about 20 feet apart and with food in their pockets. The dog was held about 20 feet away, equidistant from both testers. In one condition, one tester faced the dog while the other turned her back. In another, a tester held a book near her face, while the other tester held the book in front of her face, as if she were reading. In a third condition, one tester held a bucket near the shoulder, while the other put the bucket over her head, blocking her eyes.

Then, both testers called out to the dogs. All the animals—pet dogs, shelter dogs and wolves—ignored the person whose back was turned and sought food from the person who was looking at them. "The question was, are dogs and wolves responsive to a human’s attentional state" said Monique Udell, an assistant professor of psychology at Flagler College, Fla. But when the testers held books, it was only the domestic dogs who avoided the person who appeared to be reading the book. "In a house where they’re used to people reading books, they are sensitive to those types of cues," said Dr. Udell. Interestingly, in the bucket experiment, the animals, for the most part, were equally likely to seek food from the person with the bucket over her head as the person holding the bucket.

The experiment shows that dogs are tuned into whether humans are paying attention. "Dogs don’t have to read our minds. Dogs read our behavior," said Dr. Udell. Pet owners often get frustrated with bad dog behavior without realizing that they themselves have reinforced it, either by giving the dog a treat when they beg, skipping a bath when they protest or letting them sleep on the bed or couch.

The expression "are tuned into" probably means()

A. be ignorant of

B. be insensitive to

C. be responsive to

D. be oblivious to

填空题