问题 计算题

如图在xOy坐标系第Ⅰ象限,磁场方向垂直xOy平面向里,磁感应强度大小均为B=1.0T;电场方向水平向右,电场强度大小均为E=N/C。一个质量m=2.0×10-7 kg,电荷量q=2.0×10-6 C的带正电粒子从x轴上P点以速度v0射入第Ⅰ象限,恰好在xOy平面中做匀速直线运动。0.10s后改变电场强度大小和方向,带电粒子在xOy平面内做匀速圆周运动,取g=10m/s2。求:

(1)带电粒子在xOy平面内做匀速直线运动的速度v0大小和方向;

(2)带电粒子在xOy平面内做匀速圆周运动时电场强度的大小和方向;

(3)若匀速圆周运动时恰好未离开第Ⅰ象限,x轴上入射P点应满足何条件?

答案

解:(1)如图粒子在复合场中做匀速直线运动,设速度v0x轴夹角为θ,依题意得:粒子合力为零 ①

重力mg=2.0×10-6 N,电场力F=Eq=2×10-6 N,洛伦兹力=4.0×10-6 N  ②

f=qv0Bv0=2 m/s  ③

=,θ=60° ④

速度v0大小2 m/s,方向斜向上与x轴夹角为60°

(2)带电粒子在xOy平面内做匀速圆周运动时,电场力F必须与重力平衡,洛伦兹力提供向心力。故电场强度

方向竖直向上 ⑥

(3)如图带电粒子匀速圆周运动恰好未离开第1象限,圆弧左边与y轴相切N点 ⑦

PQ匀速直线运动,PQ=v0t=0.2 m ⑧

洛伦兹力提供向心力,  ⑨

整理并代入数据得R= 0.2 m  ⑩

由几何知识得OP=R+Rsin60°-PQcos60°=0.27 m ⑾

x轴上入射P点离O点距离至少为0.27 m  ⑿

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