问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面现代文,回答问题。

最糟糕的发明

  ①不久前,英国《卫报》评出了“人类最糟糕的发明”,塑料袋不幸“荣获”这一称号。塑料袋是从石油或煤炭中提取的化学产品,一旦生产出来就很难自然降解。处理这些白色垃圾很多时候都只能挖土填埋或高温焚烧。据科学家测试,塑料袋在地下200年也不会腐烂降解,大量的塑料废弃物填埋在地下,会破坏土壤透气性,使土壤板结,影响植物生长。如果家畜误食了混入食料或废留在野外的塑料,会因消化道梗阻而死亡;而焚烧所产生的有害烟尘和有毒气体,同样会造成对大气环境的污染。英国《卫报》称,我们的地球似乎已经变成了塑料星球,土地、河流、高山、海洋……塑料袋无处不在,直到有一天,我们都已离去,这些东西仍然占据着地球,因为它们是“永生”的。

  ②据国外新闻媒体报道,经常有许多海洋动物如海豚、海豹、海龟等由于误食了海洋中的漂浮的塑料废弃物,堵塞消化道而丧生。如今,这事在中国也发生了。西安市动物园近两年来5只鹿、1只美洲驼不明不白地死去,经专家解剖尸体后证实,“凶手”竟是司空见惯的塑料袋,这些动物误食了游人乱丢的塑料袋而命丧黄泉。无独有偶,北京麋鹿园自1995年以来已经发生了十几起麋鹿误食塑料袋而致死的事,科研人员在一头麋鹿的胃中竟然发现了4公斤之多的塑料垃圾!

  ③塑料袋的发明虽然只有100多年,但是它对环境的危害已经显而易见了,它所堵塞的也不仅仅是动物的消化道了。重庆市1998年8月就由于嘉陵江、长江上取水口,致使好几家自来水厂停产减产,害得重庆市民守着两条大江没水喝。

  ④据悉,爱尔兰现在已经开始征集塑料袋税,每个塑料袋征收13美分的税。这个方法级为有效,爱尔兰塑料袋的使用率降低了百分之九十。在挪威,居民外出购物大都自带塑料袋,因为商店虽然提供塑料袋,但需付费。我国这几年有不少环保组织都搞了布袋赠市民的活动。倡导人们少用塑料袋。但是也没见多少人用环保布袋购物。关键在于塑料袋是白给的,用不用与人们的经济利益无关,看来,要抵制“白色垃圾”,除了宣传、号召之外,还需要采用经济手段。

  ⑤塑料袋的问世确实给我们的生活带来了极大的方便,但是,我们都不能做往自家水井里吐痰的傻事。这种给人类带来如此大的麻烦的发明还是少点为好。(王娅《糟糕的发明》《中国环境报》2003年1月6日有增删)

1.为什么说塑料袋的发明是“人类最糟糕的发明”?

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2.下面句子中加粗词语的使用好在哪里?

科研人员在一头麋鹿的胃中竟然发现了4公斤之多的塑料垃圾!

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3.第④段的中心是_____________________________________。

4.细读第④段,说说国内外抵制“白色污染”的方法有哪些?请列举两条。

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5.今年6月1日起国家的“限塑令”开始在全国实施,市场使用塑料袋将有所限制。你班将开展以“限塑”为主题的公益宣传活动,请你根据这次活动的主题拟写一条标语。

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答案

1.因为塑料袋很难自然降解。

2.竟然:准确地表明了不可思议,意想不到之情。

3.要抵制“白色垃圾”,除了宣传、号召之外,还需要采用经济手段。

4.①征税②付费③赠布袋④倡导少用塑料袋

5.①保护环境,请从远离塑料开始。②塑料,爱你,就是害我。(意对即可)

问答题 简答题
单项选择题

Immigrants are consumers as well as producers, so they create jobs as well as taking them. And the work they do need not be at the expense of native workers. Immigrants often hold jobs that natives are unwilling to accept at any feasible wage.

Also, immigrants sometimes help to keep industries viable (能存活的) that would otherwise disappear altogether, causing employment to fall. This was the conclusion of a study of the Los Angeles garment industry in the 1970s and 1980s. And when immigrants working for low wages do put downward pressure on natives’ wages, they may raise the (real) wages of natives in general by keeping prices lower than they otherwise would be.

In theory, then, the net effect of immigration on native wages is uncertain. Unfortunately, most of the empirical (经验主义的) research on whether immigrants make natives worse off in practice is also inconclusive except the effect, one way or the other, seems small. Most of this research has been done in America: if there were any marked influence on wages, that is where you would expect to find it, given the scale of immigration and the tendency of the newcomers to concentrate in certain areas. But most studies have compared wages and employment in areas with many immigrants to wages and employment in areas with few. For instance, one examined the impact of sudden and notorious inflow of refugees to Miami from the Cuban port of Mariel in 1980. Within the space of a few months, 125000 people had arrived, increasing Miami’s labor force by 7%. Yet the study concluded that wages and employment among the city’s natives, including the unskilled, were virtually unaffected. Another study examined the effect of immigration on wages and employment of those at the bottom of the jobs ladder-unskilled blacks and Hispanics. It found that a doubling of the rate of immigration had no detectable effect on natives.

The most recent work, admittedly, has tended to question these findings. Using more detailed statistics and more sophisticated methods than the earlier studies, this work has tended to find that immigrants’ wages take longer to rise to the level of the natives’ wages than has been supposed. This implies a more persistent downward pressure on the host economy’s labor market.

Typically these studies find that immigration does depress unskilled natives’ wages to a small extent. But nearly all economists would agree that the effects of immigration are insignificant in relation to other influences.

It is certain, according to empirical research, that ().

A. immigration has a positive effect on native wages

B. immigration makes unskilled blacks and Hispanics worse off

C. immigration has only a small effect on native wages

D. immigration has a marked influence on natives in areas with dense immigrant population