问题 填空题

(8分)分子中含有10个氢原子的烷烃的分子式为             ,该烷烃可能的结构简式为                          ,两者互为             

答案

C4H10   CH3CH2CH2CH3   CH3CH(CH3)CH3   同分异构体

题目分析:烷烃的通式是CnH2n+2,所以分子中含有10个氢原子的烷烃分子中含有的碳原子数是(10-2)÷2=4,即分子式是C4H10。该烃是丁烃,可能的结构简式是CH3CH2CH2CH3、CH3CH(CH3)CH3。二者的分子式相同,但结构不同,互为同分异构体。

点评:在书写碳链同分异构体时,一般遵循主链由长到短、支链由整到散、位置由心到边、排列邻、对、间。

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