问题 阅读理解与欣赏
阅读下面说明文,完成问题。
中国皮影戏
易树
  皮影戏,是一种用灯光照射兽皮或纸板做成的人物剪影以表演故事的民间戏剧。
  中国皮影戏有着悠久的历史。两千多年前,汉武帝爱妃李夫人染疾故去,武帝思念心切,神情恍惚,终日不理朝政。术士李少翁一日出门,路遇孩童手拿布娃娃玩耍,影子倒映于地,栩栩如生。李少翁心中一动,用棉帛裁成李夫人影像,涂上色彩,并在手脚处装上木杆。入夜围方帷,张灯烛,恭请武帝坐帐中观看。武帝看罢龙颜大悦。这个载入《汉书》的爱情故事,被认为是皮影戏最早的渊源。
  表演皮影戏要先制作皮影。其制作过程是:先将羊皮、驴皮或其他兽皮的毛、血去净,经药物处理,使皮革变薄,呈半透明状,涂上桐油,然后把皮革镂刻成所需的人物形象。皮人的头、四肢、躯干各自独立,又用线连成一体,分别以连杠由演员操纵,令其活动。皮人涂有各种颜色,表达人物的善恶美丑。绘画也有一定的讲究,女性发饰及衣物多以凤、花、草、云等纹样为图案,男性则多用龙、虎、水、云等纹样。人物造型与戏剧人物一样,生、旦、净、丑角色齐全,制成的皮影高的达55厘米,低的仅有10厘米左右。
  皮影戏表演时,由三五个艺人在白色幕布后面,一边操纵戏曲人物,一边用当地流行的曲调唱述故事,同时配以打击乐和弦乐。表演民间神话、武打、古代故事时,人物可以腾云驾雾,做出各种高难动作。这是其他戏剧难以做到的,因此深受观众喜爱。皮影戏在宋代已极为盛行,到明代,北京一带的皮影戏班竞达四五十家。
  皮影戏作为一种综合了戏剧、音乐等多种艺术手段的表演形式,不仅有着悠久的历史,也是最早传入国外的中国传统艺术之一
  公元13世纪,蒙古军营中也演皮影戏,后来皮影戏被随军带到波斯、土耳其等国。之后,又在东南亚各国流传开来。中国皮影戏18世纪中叶传到欧洲。1767年,法国传教士把它带回法国,并在巴黎、马赛演出,被称为“中国灯影”,曾轰动一时。后经法国人改造,成为“法兰西灯影”。中国皮影戏对丰富世界艺坛作出了独特的贡献。
                      (选自《中学生阅读》初中版2007年第2期 有删改)
1.文章在点明皮影戏的本质特征后,依次介绍了中国皮影戏的________→皮影制作→________→广泛流传。(分别用四个字概括)
2.文章引用《汉书》记载的爱情故事,其作用有二:一是________,二是________。
3.阅读文中画线句,说说加粗词“之一”不能删去的原因。
________________________________________________________
4.山西省孝义市的皮影戏是中国皮影戏的重要支派。结合上文内容,阅读下面链接材料,概括说明孝义皮影戏的特点。
材料一:据专家考证,孝义皮影戏起源于战国。
材料二:1995年,孝义皮影中的武将形象作为邮票图案被全国人民认识。
材料三:孝义皮影戏的剧目很多,现收藏有200余本。
孝义皮影戏的特点:_______________________________________
答案

1.悠久历史 皮影表演

2.说明中国皮影戏历史悠久增强文章趣味性。

3.传到国外的中国传统艺术很多,去掉“之一”显得太绝对,表达就不准确了。

4.历史悠久、影响广泛、剧目丰富(意对即可)

选择题

The basketball final between Perfect School and Sunrise School has entered white-hot stage. There are only fifteen seconds left. Sunrise School is one point ahead. Mitchell, who is one of the best players of Perfect School, is now controlling the ball. The students are extremely excited. They cannot help standing up and shouting, “Go! Mitchell!”Other teammates also encourage Mitchell, “Take a shot, boy!”

Mitchell knows it will be the last shot. He hesitates (犹豫) and falls into careful thinking. He imagines that he shoots from the halfway line. The hall turns quiet. All eyes follow the track of the basketball. It jumps round the ring over and over again and finally rolls out of the court. The world turns noisy. Mitchell sees his coach lower his head, his teammates kneel down and his fans cry. It gives him so much pain. It is the last match for his coach before retiring. All the teammates practiced hard and hoped to give their coach a perfect ending. But now, the bubble bursts (破裂).

“Is that what you want?” Mitchell asks himself.“Certainly not. But how can I change the situation? Teamwork!”Mitchell returns to reality from his thinking. He does not have a shot by himself but surprisingly passes the basketball to his teammate, Jack, who is standing near the basket. Jack catches the basketball and quickly scores a two-point shot. There goes the whistle at the same time. Perfect School finally wins the game.

小题1:When there are only fifteen seconds left, ______.

A.the students are surprised

B.Mitchell’s coach is shouting

C.Sunrise team is one point ahead

D.Perfect team is two points ahead小题2:How does Mitchell help his team win the game?

A.He tries to stand near the basket.

B.He passes the basketball to Jack.

C.He shoots from the halfway line.

D.He quickly scores a two-point shot.小题3:What can we learn from the story?

A.Teamwork helps win the game.

B.Jack is the most popular player.

C.The coach will retire next year.

D.The hall turns quiet after the final shot.

多项选择题