问题 论述题

(32分)“城乡统筹发展”是我党近年来在制定农村政策开展农村工作的整体指导思想。

材料一 党的十六大首次提出统筹城乡经济社会发展,开启了破除城乡二元体制的历史进程。党的十六届三中全会把统筹城乡发展作为科学发展观的重要组成部分,摆在“五个统筹”之首,提出建立有利于逐步改变城乡二元经济结构的体制。党的十七大提出建立以工促农、以城带乡长效机制,形成城乡经济社会发展一体化新格局。2010年中央一号文件提出要统筹城乡发展,推进城镇化发展的制度创新。

材料二  2010年中央一号文件以“加大统筹城乡发展力度,进一步务实农业农村发展基础”为主题,提出了一系列协调推进城乡改革的新要求,出台了一系列增强农村发展活力的新举措。统筹城乡发展,夯实农业农村发展基础,关键在于破除城乡二元结构,构建以工促农、以城带乡的长效机制,促进城乡协调发展、共同繁荣。

材料三 我国农村人口有72135万人,占全国人口的54.3%,农村消费对全国举足轻重。2009年,我国农村社会消费品零售总额增长速度明显快于城市,我国农村消费市场潜力巨大。为此,中央一号文件明确指出,加大统筹城乡发展力度,进一步夯实农业农村发展基础,要大力开拓农村市场。

(1)结合材料一,指出中 * * 党在统筹城乡发展中发挥了怎样的作用?(9分)

(2)结合材料二,请运用联系的观点,说明协调推进城乡改革的必要性。(9分)

(3)结合材料三,运用生产与消费的关系原理,分析促进农村消费的意义,并就扩大农村消费市场提出合理化建议。(14分)

答案

(1)①中 * * 党发挥领导核心作用,通过政治领导,提出统筹城乡发展的思想,并对统筹城乡发展做出全面部署,确保农村改革发展的社会主义方向。(3分)

②中 * * 党贯彻落实科学发展观,不断提高驾驭社会主义市场经济的能力,促进城乡协调发展,构建社会主义和谐社会。(3分)

③中 * * 党科学执政,把握发展规律、与时俱进,通过不断完善统筹城乡发展的政策措施,推动理论创新和制度创新,以创新促发展。(3分)

(2)①通过正确把握事物的因果联系,提高实践活动的自觉性和预见性,可以协调推进城乡改革,给农村发展注入新的活力,夯实农业农村发展基础,促进我国经济社会的发展。(如从联系是普遍的、客观的角度回答,可酌情可分)(3分)

②当各部分以合理、有序的结构形成整体时,整体功能就会大于各部分功能之和。城市和农村各有所长,通过统筹城乡改革,优化城乡结构,能够促进城乡协调发展。(3分)

③事物的联系是有条件的,人们可以根据客观规律和客观条件,建立新的具体的联系。构建以工促农、以城带乡的长效机制,有利于促进城乡协调发展、共同繁荣。(3分)

(3)意义:①生产决定消费,消费对生产具有反作用,消费是生产的目的和动力。(2分)②扩大农村消费市场,有利于改善农民的消费方式和消费结构,提高农民的生活水平;有利于拉动内需,促进整个国民经济的持续健康发展。(3分)

建议:①要大力发展生产力,增加农民收入,提高农民的消费水平。②加强国家的宏观调控。继续实行家电下乡政策,出台刺激农村消费需求的新措施。③扩大农村消费空间。积极稳妥推进城镇化,转移农村剩余劳动力。④建立和完善农村社会保障制度,改善农民消费预期,提高消费倾向。⑤引导农民转变消费观念和生活方式,培育新的消费热点。(说明:每一点3分,若答出三点即可得满分9分)

阅读理解

Chinese are very generous(慷慨的) when it comes to educating their children. Not caring about the  money, parents often send their children to the best schools or even abroad to England, the United States and Australia. They also want their children to take extra-course activities where they will either learn a musical instrument or ballet, or other classes which will give them a head in life. The Chinese believe that the more expensive an education is, the better it is. So parents will spend an unreasonable amount of money on education. Even poor couples will buy a computer for their son or daughter. However, what most parents fail to see is that the best early education they can give their children is usually very cheap.

Parents can see that their children are very skilled in some areas while poor in others. What most parents fail to realize though, is that today’s children are short of self-respect and self-confidence.

The problem is that parents are only educating their children on how to take multiple-choice tests and how to study well, but parents are not teaching them the most important skills that they need to be confident, happy and clever.

Parents can achieve this by teaching practical skills like cooking, sewing and doing other housework. Teaching a child to cook will improve many of the skills that he will need later in life. Cooking requires patience and time. It is an enjoyable but difficult experience. A good cook always tries to improve his cooking, so he will learn to work hard and finish his job successfully step by step. His result, a well-cooked dinner, will give him much satisfaction and lots of self-confidence.

Some old machines, such as a broken radio or TV set that you give your child to play with will make him curious and arouse(激发) his interest. He will spend hours looking at them, trying to fix them; your child might become an engineer when he grows up. These activities are not only teaching a child to read a book, but rather to think, to use his mind. And that is more important.

小题1:. Most Chinese parents don’t realize __________.

A.how much the best education is worth

B.when children should be educated

C.what children really need in later life

D.why school tests don’t satisfy children小题2:. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A.Fixing old machines is very important.

B.Interest is necessary for everything.

C.Broken things are useful for children.

D.Using hands helps improve thinking ability.小题3:. The writer’s attitude(看法) to children’s education is that __________.

A.the cheaper an education is, the better it is

B.children today should learn different skills

C.practical skills are useful to children's growth

D.school education can’t meet parents’ expectation

多项选择题