问题 填空题

(8分)“亮菌甲素”的结构简式为,它配以辅料丙二

1,3,5

 
醇溶成针剂用于临床,而假药“亮菌甲素”是用廉价的二甘醇作为辅料。二甘醇为工业溶剂,有很强的毒性,会使肾功能衰竭。请回答下列问题:

(1)“亮菌甲素”的分子式为               

(2)丙二醇的分子式是C3H8O2,已知两个羟基连在同一个碳原子上的物质不存在。写出其属于醇类的同分异构体的结构简式                                。

(3)下列有关“亮菌甲素”的叙述正确的是           (填序号)。

A.“亮菌甲素”能与H2发生加成反应        B.不能使酸性KMnO4退色

C.“亮菌甲素”分子中含氧官能团只有2种    D.“亮菌甲素”可以与NaOH反应

(4)核磁共振氢谱分析,发现二甘醇分子中有3个吸收峰,其峰面积之比为2∶2∶1。又知二甘醇中C、O元素的质量分数相同,且H的质量分数为9.4%,1mol二甘醇与足量的金属钠反应生成1molH2。写出二甘醇结构简式                     

答案

(1)C12H10O5 (2分)

(2)(各1分,共2分)

(3)A、D(各1分,共2分)

(4)HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH (2分)

题目分析:(1)观察“亮菌甲素”的结构简式,拐角、短线头无原子的都是H原子,通过查算不难算出;(2)从丙二醇的分子式可看出有3个C原子且是饱和的, C原子的相连情况就一种,又两个羟基连在同一个碳原子上的物质不存在,故两个羟基在不同的C原子上;(3)分析“亮菌甲素”的结构简式,可知含有的官能团有羟基、酚基、羰基、酯基;(4)核磁共振氢谱分析,发现二甘醇分子中有3个吸收峰,其峰面积之比为2∶2∶1。又知二甘醇中C、O元素的质量分数相同,且H的质量分数为9.4%,可知只有C、H、O三种元素,分子数之比为4:10:3,1mol二甘醇与足量的金属钠反应生成1molH2,说明分子中含有2个-OH。

点评:题中信息的分析透彻并运用,抓住题眼,另外熟悉官能团之间发生的反应是解题的关键。醇羟基氧化成醛基,醛基氧化成羧基。

阅读理解

More and more people like bicycling and it is no surprise. It is fun, healthy and good for the environment. Maybe that’s why there are 1.4 billion bicycles and only 400 million cars on roads worldwide today. Bikes can take you almost anywhere, and there is no oil cost!

Get on a bicycle and ride around your neighborhood. You may discover something new all around you. Stopping and getting off a bike is easier than stopping and getting out of your car. You can bike to work and benefit (受益) from the enjoyable exercise without polluting the environment. You don’t even have to ride all the way.

Folding (折叠) bikes work well for people who ride the train. Just fold the bike and take it with you. You can do the same on an airplane. A folding bike can be packed in a suitcase. You can also take a common bike with you when you fly. But be sure to look for information by getting on airline websites. Not all airlines are bicycle-friendly to travelers.

Health Benefits of Bicycling:

l It helps to prevent heart diseases.

l Bicycling helps to control your weight.

A 15-minute bike ride to and from work three times a week burns off five kilos of fat in a year.

l Bicycling can improve your mood (心情).

Exercise like bicycling has been shown to make people feel better, more relaxed and self-confident.

l Bicycling is healthier than driving.

小题1:From the passage, we know that bicycling is becoming very __________.

A.surprising

B.exciting

C.expensive

D.popular小题2:When you are riding your bicycle around your neighborhood, you may __________.

A.pollute the environment around

B.find something you didn’t notice

C.go everywhere and use a little oil

D.get off your bike and begin to work小题3:If you travel with a folding bike, you can fold it and __________.

A.get out of the car

B.take it onto a train

C.put it in your purse

D.go on airline websites小题4: One of the benefits from bicycling is that __________.

A.you can fold the bicycle

B.you will be friendly to others

C.you will be more relaxed

D.you may get fatter and fatter小题5:Which is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Bicycling is enjoyable exercise for people.

B.Driving cars is healthier than riding bikes.

C.Riding a bike pollutes your neighborhood.

D.Common bikes are welcomed by all airlines.

填空题