问题 计算题

宇航员在某星球表面附近,距星球表面高处,静止释放一个物体,物体落到星球表面时的速度为,仅考虑物体受该星球的引力作用,忽略其他力的影响,已知该星球的直径为 。(1)求该星球表面的重力加速度;(2)若在该星球上发射一颗绕该星球做匀速圆周运动的卫星,卫星的高度也是 ,求这颗卫星的速度 。

答案

(1)(2)

解:(1)由运动学公式可知得:                     (2分)

所以:                                             (2分)

(2)在星球表面附近任意物体              (2分)

卫星的轨道半径为:                         (2分)

根据万有引力定律和牛顿第二定律得:            (2分)

由以上各式得:                                  (2分)

本题考查了天体运动知识点,释放的物体做自由落体运动,所以可根据自由落体公式求出星球表面的重力加速度,求卫星的速度,需要半径,以及GM的乘积,求出这两个物理量代入,可得速度。

阅读理解

There was a young man named Bill in England. Before leaving school, he began to look for a job. Few companies needed new clerks due to the financial crisis(金融危机)at that time. It became harder and harder to find a job. Luckily, a chance camp up to him. A company wanted to employ(雇用)one person. He and the other twenty people joined in the first interview(面试). After that, three persons were allowed to enter the final test which would decide one person to be employed in the end. Bill was lucky to be among them. On the day of the second interview, Bill and the others arrived at the company on time. To their surprise, the interview was very easy. The interviewer only had a free talk with them, and then asked them to go back home waiting for the result. The next morning, Bill received a letter from the company which said he wasn't accepted. Certainly, he felt disappointed. On the evening of that day, Bill surprisingly received another letter, which said he was employed. But why was he accepted? As a matter of fact, the first letter sent to Bill was also part of the test. Every one of them got a letter which had the same meaning that morning. Only Bill replied with “Thank you” while the others said nothing.

Life isn’t all fun. There is always something making us unhappy. When you feel disappointed, please say “Thank you” to the person who disappoints you. That shows your great generosity(宽容) and politeness to others. If you do so, you’ll have more chances than others. 

根据短文内容判断正(A)、误(B)。

小题1:Bill was a student during the financial crisis.

小题2:Twenty people wanted to get the job.

小题3:Bill felt surprised when he received the second letter.

小题4:All the three people were employed by the company.

小题5:From the passage, we know that to be generous and polite can help you get more chances.

问答题 简答题