问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读短文,回答问题。

兰花的智慧

  从热带雨林到寒带针叶林,从潮湿的海滩到干燥的高山草甸,到处都能发现兰花的影踪。

  兰花的种子十分细小,很多比人的头发丝还细。种子的外种皮内部还具有许多充满空气的腔室,进一步减轻了重量。凭借轻巧的身子,种子一出果英就可以随风飘荡到离母株很远的地方。种子的外围包裹了一层致密的细胞,可以防止水分快速渗透。这样,种子还可以借助水流、动物皮毛等“走”到更远的地方。

     兰花种子虽然练就了上乘轻功,却没有获得足够的内功。它们太细小,以至于没有空间来容纳胚乳或子叶这类储藏营养的结构。于是,它们跟真菌拉上了关系,在种子萌发时依靠消化真菌的菌丝为自身生长提供营养。兰花大多生长在岩壁、树干以及贫瘠的土壤上,这样便可以减少与其他植物竞争,为自身发展争得更大的空间。

   绝大多数兰花是典型的虫媒花,它们的花粉被打包成块状,不给传粉者取食的机会。花粉块同粘盘、花粉块柄一起组成了兰科植物的雄性生殖结构,这种结构会整个地粘在传粉者身上,通过它们传递到下一朵的柱头,这样一来就避免了因被取食而产生的浪费。

  兰花家族里有三分之一的成员更是不折不扣的“铁公鸡”。有的兰花将自己装扮得像有花蜜的花朵一样,如果蜜蜂不辨真假,钻进花中找蜜吃,就只能乖乖地为兰花无偿传粉了;有的兰花还会发出长距离传播的香甜气味,如此色香俱全,蜜蜂和蝴蝶自然会主动上门来充当“信使”;有的兰花将自己伪装成雌性昆虫,当雄性昆虫试图与这些“雌虫”交配时,传粉工作就开始了。高超的“骗术”,使兰花在享受传粉服务的同时却不菲传粉者任何好处。

  还有些兰花,没有昆虫传粉照样可以开花结果繁殖后代。如大根槽舌兰,它的花粉块柄会向内弯曲360°,并最终将顶端的花粉精确地送入柱头腔中完成受精。缘毛鸟足兰子房中的胚珠可以直接发育成种子。这些兰花可以在缺少传粉者的条件下顺利繁殖,并且还可以把那些吸引昆虫的“费用”节省下来,将更多的资源投入到种子生产中去,可谓一举两得。

  还可以列举更多的例子来证明兰花的智慧。与此同时,人们是否也应从兰花能够在大千世界悠然自得的长久生存中得到些许启迪呢?

1.指出下列句子中加粗词语在文中的含义。    

①兰花种子虽然练就了上乘轻功,却没有获得足够的内功

                                                                                                        

②兰花家族里有三分之一的成员更是不折不扣的“铁公鸡”。

                                                                                                    

2.根据第2段文字,简要写出兰花种子能够广泛传播的两个原因。

                                                                                                     

3.“兰花的智慧”表现在哪些方面?请根据第4段至第7段文意,分点简要回答。

                                                                                                    

4.从兰花的生存中,你获得了怎样的启示?

                                                                                                    

答案

1.①胚乳或子叶这类储藏营养的结构

  ②在享受传粉服务的同时却不给传粉者任何好处  

2.①种子轻巧,能随风飘荡到很远的地方;

  ②种子的外围包裹了一层可以防止水分渗透的细胞,因此可借助水流、动物皮毛等传播到更远的地方。

3.①依靠消化真菌的菌丝为自身生长提供营养;

  ②避开其他植物的生长环境,为自身发展争得更大的空间;

  ③引诱昆虫来无偿为自己传播花粉;能自我开花结果繁殖后代。

4.自觉地适应自然环境;通过自身努力来获取生存的条件。

阅读理解

     Freezing weather can mean frostbite(冻疮)and hypothermia (低体温)unless a person is prepared.
Today we talk about how to stay warm,  dry and safe.
     Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly
happens on the hands,  feet,  nose and ears.
     People with minor cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer and permanent damage.
But if deeper tissue is affected, a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold.
     Hypothermia happens when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases. The condition
comes on slowly. Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking, very slow breathing and difficulty
thinking clearly. If not treated, hypothermia can be deadly.
     To avoid coldrelated injuries, here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to stay warm, Think
of COLD-C.O.L.D.
     The C stands for cover.Wear a hat and a scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head, neck
and ears.And wear mittens(连指手套)instead of gloves.In gloves, the fingers are separated, so the
hands may not stay as warm.
     The O stands for overexertion. Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold
weather are a bad mix.
     The L stands for layers. Wearing loose, lightweight clothes, one layer on top of another, is better
than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Also, make sure outerwear is made of material that is
water resistant and tightly knit.
     The D stands for dry.In other words, stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where
snow can enter, like the tops of boots, the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens.
     Hypothermia can be mild, moderate or severe. Mild hypothermia is something that most people
have experienced if they live in cold climates. You feel so cold that your body starts to shake-not very
much, but uncontrollably.
     The treatment for mild hypothermia starts with getting out of the cold and, if necessary, changing into
dry clothes.Drinking warm, nonalcoholic liquids and eating something sugary can stop the shivering.
     Taking a warm bath or sitting by a fire or doing some exercise can also help the body warm up.
These are all common sense treatments.
     But the treatment needs change when people enter the moderate or severe stages of hypothermia.
In that situation,  their body temperature drops below thirtyfive degrees Celsius. They lose the ability to
think clearly. Their muscles become stiff.They might bump into things or fall over objects.
     It is important to work fast to get people out of the cold.Hypothermia victims need medical help as
soon as possible. But it is equally important to move them slowly and gently.

How to stay warm, dry and safe

Two 1 happening  in the winter

                 frostbite It happens as a result of skin being__2__to extreme cold for too long.
Minor cases of frostbite won't__3__much damage.
A person may__4__a lot if deeper tissue is affected.  
               hypothermiaIt__5__from the body not producing enough heat.
The condition comes on slowly with three signs.
__6__treatment, it can be deadly.
       Basic_7_ to stay  warm
                     CWear something to keep heat from escaping.
                     OAvoid activities that will make you sweaty.
                     LWear loose,  lightweight clothes made of special material.
                     DStay as dry as possible.
        __8__ for hypothermiaDrinking warm__9__liquids and eating something sugary.
Taking a warm bath or sitting by a fire or doing some exercise.
Changing the treatment according to the__10__stages.
Getting victims out of the cold,  giving them medical help as soon
as possible and moving them slowly and gently.
单项选择题 B型题