问题 单项选择题

女,50岁,查体发现纵隔向左移位,行胸部CT扫描如下图。

一侧肺不发育及肺发育不全与一侧肺不张的鉴别要点在于()

A.前者患侧肺充气不良程度重

B.后者患侧肺充气不良程度重

C.前者胸廓不对称,患侧胸廓小

D.后者胸廓不对称,患侧胸廓小

E.前者无症状

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

肺发育异常包括肺不发育及肺发育不全,分为两肺、一侧肺及肺叶发育异常。两肺不发育者出生后即死亡。一侧肺发育异常可分为3型:肺不发育、肺发育不全及肺叶发育不全。一侧肺发育不全可无任何症状,如合并其他发育障碍则表现为相应或轻或重的临床症状,部分患者表现为胸闷、气短,继发感染可有咳嗽等症状。患侧呼吸音减低,但若健侧肺组织疝入至患侧,则患侧部分区域可有呼吸音,其影像表现为患侧肺组织充气不良,主支气管细小,患侧肺动脉细小或缺如,增强扫描有时可见静脉回流异常。一侧肺不发育或肺发育不全与一侧肺不张的鉴别要点在于前者胸廓双侧对称。

单项选择题

根据短文内容,从短文后的七个选项中选出正确的填入空白处。选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Science of Risk-Seeking

Sometimes We decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth tasking.   71   Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us. Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.

The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.    72    As the quality of Risk-taking was passed from on ration to the next, humans ended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.

So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one Killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.  73  

No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.   74   To help you do that, your brain increases your hunger for new experiences. New experiences often mean taking some risks, so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.

Mean taking some risks, so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.

75  For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.

As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.

71()

A.It all depends on your character.

B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.

C.Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival.

D.Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.

E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.

F.However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.

G.New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.

问答题 简答题