问题 阅读理解与欣赏

比较阅读[甲][乙]语段,回答问题。

  [甲]     

  “还有一个问题,”我急不可耐地打断了他的话,“如果所有的旅鼠都这样匆匆忙忙地跳进大海去自杀了,那么它们不是早该断子绝孙了吗?” 

  “这一点你就放心好了,它们还不至于傻到那种地步。”他笑了笑,似乎早就料到我会提出这样的问题,“当它们要进行大迁移时,总是忘不了留下少量的伙伴看家,并担任起传宗接代的神圣任务。这看上去真是天意。”  

  “那么,旅鼠为什么会有如此超强的繁殖能力而过一段时间又要来一次集体大自杀呢?”我终于提出了这一问题。

  “不知道。”他耸了耸肩膀,“这是动物学中,特别是有关动物行为的研究中一大难解之谜。”

  “有什么假说吗?”我仍不甘心。

  “没有。”他摇了摇头,“因为这些行为如此稀奇古怪,以致人们连可能的假说也提不出来。”说着,他站起身来,拍了拍沾在身上的草叶和尘土,“许多动物学家和动物行为专家对北极的旅鼠进行了详细的观察和研究,总想解开其中的奥秘,但是都失败了。因此,我虽然没有对旅鼠进行过专门研究,所知道的这些只不过是道听途说,但我总是觉得,过去的事实似乎表明,看来用通常的研究方法和思维方式是难以解开旅鼠之谜的,”

  我们边走边谈,慢慢地往海边走去。……他忽然若有所思地说:“不过,人类也许应该从旅鼠身上学到点什么。例如,如果人类也毫无节制地繁衍下去,也许有一天不得不走旅鼠的道路。”   

[乙]

  旅鼠的自杀之旅     旅鼠是北极草原上的老大,它们的生育速度实在太快了,一胎最多可以生20只,20天就可以成熟。一对旅鼠男女如果从春天开始致力于生育大计,到秋天就会制造出几十万个后代。每隔三到四年,旅鼠的数量就会大到把草原上可食之物全部吃光的程度。这时,它们得考虑子孙后代的事了,如何消除过剩的数量呢?死亡!主动的死亡是最好的方式。

  这时,旅鼠摇身一变,颜色从原来的灰黑色忽然变成鲜艳的橘红色,暴露出自己的所在,引来天敌为自己举行腹葬。但是狐狸们、猫头鹰们怎么努力也吃不光所有的旅鼠。    

  于是旅鼠们集合起来,几十万只、几百万只成群结队地开始了一生中最悲壮的旅行。它们铺天盖地向大海拥去,前面的旅鼠逢水架桥,以肉体填平小河、池塘,后面的旅鼠踏过同类的尸体继续前进。大军所到之处,植物统统被吃得精光,草地变成荒原,它们的死亡队伍来到海边之后,几百万只旅鼠抱在一起,像座小山似的在水里翻滚……

  旅鼠名字的由来,就是因为这种死亡之旅。美国的皮特克用营养恢复学说来解释旅鼠的自杀:当鼠类数量达到高峰时,植被因遭到过度啃食而被破坏,食物不足,隐蔽条件恶化,于是,它们只好除了留下少数以繁衍后代之外,统统去死。等到植物恢复时,它们的数量再度节节攀升。

1.[甲][乙]两文都说明了旅鼠具有哪些特点?

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2.[甲][乙]两文中都写了“旅鼠死亡大迁移”,想一想,为什么它们不会断子绝孙?

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3.旅鼠主动死亡的方式可分为哪两种?

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4.人类怎样才能解开旅鼠之谜?  

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5.从[甲][乙]两文旅鼠主动死亡的行为中,我们能否获得一些有价值的启示呢?请谈谈你的思考。

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答案

1.生育能力强(繁殖速度快);对植物破坏性大;数量过大的情况下主动死亡。

2.当它们要进行大迁移时,总是忘不了留下少量的伙伴看家,并担任起传宗接代的神圣任务。

3.一是毛色变成醒目的橘红色,招引天敌来吃掉自己(为自己举行腹葬);二是集体奔向大海溺水死亡。

4.科学研究要不断创新调查研究方法和思维方式,只有创新调查研究方法和思维方式才能解开旅鼠之谜。

5.(1)在集体行动巾团结~致、义无反顾、不畏牺牲的精神是值得肯定的。(2)为了未来的生存,人类应该主动防范某些隐蔽条件的恶化。(3)当灾难来临时,主动牺牲某些利益是必要的。(4)人类也不应该毫无节制地繁衍下去,应注意自我调节、和谐发展。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     What is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies

and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?

     We all know that science plays an important role in our societies. However, many people

believe that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first aspect is the

application of the machines, products and systems of knowledge that scientists and technologists

develop. The second is the application of the special methods of thought and action that scientists

use in their work.

     What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful

scientist is curious - he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually pays

attention to problems which he notices have no satisfying explanation, and looks for relationships

even if the data available seem to be unconnected.Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing

conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.

     He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and uses the facts he observes to the

fullest. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star

mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum(光谱).

     He does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available.

He rejects authority as the only basis for truth.Scientists always check statements and make

experiments carefully and objectively.

     Furthermore, he does not readily accept his own idea, since he knows that man is the least

reliable of scientific instruments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.

     Lastly, he is full of imagination since he often has to look for relationships in data which are

not only complex but also frequently incomplete.Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants

to guess how processes work and how events take place.

     These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and

acts.

1. Many people believe that science helps society to progress through              .

A. knowledge only

B. more than one aspect

C. technology only      

D. the use of machines

2. Which of the following statements about a curious scientist is TRUE?

A. He doesn't find confidence and pleasure in work.

B. He is interested in problems that are explained.

C. He makes efforts to investigate potential connections.

D. He looks for new ways of acting.

3. According to the passage, a successful scientist would NOT              .

A. easily believe in unchecked statements      

B. easily criticize others' research work

C. always use his imagination in work  

D. always use evidence from observation

4. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?

A. Critical.        

B. Objective.      

C. Unclear.      

D. Prejudiced.

5. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. Application of technology.    

B. Progress in modem society.

C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.    

D. How to become a successful scientist.