问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下文,回答问题。

洁身自好的莲花

  一提到莲花,人们会自然地联想到莲叶上滚动的露珠,也许还会想到宋代文人周敦颐的《爱莲说》,对“莲之出淤泥而不染”的高尚品格肃然起敬。

  20 世纪70 年代,德国植物学家在研究植物叶面时发现,光滑的叶子表面有灰尘,要先清洗才能在显微镜下观察,而莲叶等叶面却总是干干净净。他们利用人造的灰尘粒子污染玉兰、林山毛榉、莲花、芋、甘蓝等植物的叶面,然后用人造雨清洗2 分钟,使雨滴滑落,再观察叶面灰尘粒子残留状况。实验发现,有些植物叶面残留的污染物多达40% ,而莲花等植物叶面的污染物残留比例均小于5% 。这就是所谓的莲花效应。

  那么,是什么原因导致了这种莲花效应呢?

  通过电子显微镜,我们可以观察到莲叶表面存在着非常复杂的多重微米、纳米级的超微结构。莲叶表面上有一些微小的蜡质颗粒,并且覆盖着无数个约10 微米的突包,每个突包的表面又布满了直径仅为几百纳米的更细的绒毛。

   在突包间的凹陷部分充满着空气,从而使得在尺寸上远大于这种结构的灰尘、雨水等落在叶面上,不会大范围直接接触叶面,而是隔着一层极薄的空气,并且其能接触的点也只是叶面上若干个凸起的点。

   这是自然界中生物长期进化的结果。正是这种特殊的超微结构,使得莲叶表面不沾水滴,可以保持清洁:当莲叶上有水时,水会在自身表面张力的作用下形成球状,风吹动水珠在叶面上滚动时,水珠可以沾起叶面上的灰尘,并从上面高速滑落。这种自洁能力对于防止病原体的入侵也有着特别的意义。像莲花这样的植物,就是生长在很“脏”的环境中也不容易生病。因为即使病原体到了其叶面上,一经下雨就会随雨水冲走;如果不下雨,叶面很干燥,病原体还是生存不了。

  莲花的这种自洁功能引起了科学家们的极大兴趣。他们努力模仿这种表面,使应用研究迅速发展。

  20 世纪末,基于“莲花效应”的涂料陆续问世,在越来越多的建筑中得到应用。不久的将来,我们的周围将会出现不会脏的地板、墙壁和没有灰尘的无线电用品。

1.第一段中写到“莲之出淤泥而不染”的高贵品格,其作用是什么?

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2.请根据第二段文义,简要解释”。

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3.指出下列句子中加粗词所指代的内容。

(1)是自然界中生物长期进化的结果。

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(2)莲花的这种自洁功能引起了科学家们的极大兴趣。

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4.“莲花效应”能给植物本身带来哪些好处?请根据文义简要回答。

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答案

1.形象地点出说明对象的特征;引发读者阅读的兴趣。

2.叶面上的灰尘经雨水清洗能变得清洁干净。

3.(1)叶表面存在着非常复杂的多重微米、纳微米级的超微结构(或:叶表面上有一些微小的蜡质颗粒,并且覆盖着无数个约10微米的突包,每个突包的表面又布满了直径仅为几百纳米的更细的绒毛。在突包间的凹陷部分充满着空气)。

      (2)莲叶上有水时,水会在自身表面张力的作用下形成球状,风吹动水珠在叶面上滚动时,水珠沾起叶面上的灰尘,并从上面高速滑落。

4.使得叶面不沾水滴,保持清洁;能防止病原体的入侵,不易生病。

阅读理解

CCTV anchorman Luo Jing died of cancer on June 5 ,2009 at the age of 48.

In 1983 ,graduating from Beijing Broadcasting Institute, he began his career as a prime time newscaster for CCTV .Over the past decades , as an icon of China’s broadcasting industry,Luo Jing’s modest image and clear voice left unforgettable memories with his audience.

Last year when he was diagnosed as having lymph cancer ,he felt it too awful,for two weeks later he was to run the torch ,He asked doctors to keep the secret in order for him to complete the task of the Olympic torch. Finally, not only did he complete the task, but he participated in a series of voice – over work in the Olympic Games opening ceremony . After that ,he frankly said to the leader the next day,“I have completed the task and I am going to hospital today.”

Broadcast sowing rate of the News Network used to be 180words a minute, but increases to 300 words a minute, which is beyond most people’s ability. What’s more terror is the strict limit of time .Sometimes after a piece of news is broadcast, there is a few seconds left, when staff hand a message press release. The host must strictly control the time to broadcast the unexpected news. As soon as his voice fades , the program turns into the following images without one more second or less. In such high – intensity work environment, with the perfect professional he worked for 26 years without any error.

In life , we seldom mention comedy without tragedy, laughter without tears ,and joy without sorrow.Though the passing of Luo Jings brings us pain, it’s only fitting to remember his smiles with happiness. He’s been taken from us much too soon , but he leaves us what he’s been working for.

小题1:When did Luo Jing go to hospital?

A.As soon as he ran the torch.

B.As soon as he was diagnosed with cancer.

C.As soon as he felt uncomfortable.

D.After attending the Olympic Games opening ceremony.小题2:When Luo Jing began his career he was          years old

A.22

B. 24

C.26

D.28小题3:Through the fourth paragraph the writer intends to show         .

A.how high broadcast sowing rate of the News Network is

B.how remarkable the achievement that Luo Jing made was

C.what gifts a person should have if he wants to make a host

D.how terrible to become a host of the News Network小题4:What can be inferred from the passage?

A.Luo Jing was modest.

B.Luo Jing had a clear voice.

C.Luo Jing had a strong will.

D.Luo Jing hated being pitied.

单项选择题