问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读短文,完成问题。

动物的骗术

  ①自然界中一些动物为了生存竞争、繁衍子孙,常会弄虚作假、玩弄骗术。其技巧之高超,简直令人难以想象。     

  ②装死是动物的一大伎俩,像椿象、金龟子,只要稍动它一下,它立刻会装死从农作物上掉落地面,过会儿又活动开来。鸭子似乎是傻乎乎的,但当其被红狐追捕时,会翻着白眼装死。有人曾做试验,用红狐追捕养鸭场的50只鸭子,竞有29只在狐爪下逃生。     

  ③蟹、虾、蛇、壁虎、水螅等能施用分身术,迷惑对方,保护自己。人们有时会发现有些蟹或虾的螯足一大一小,有的蛇或壁虎的尾巴粗细与身子相差悬殊,这绝不是先天的畸形,也不是什么稀有品种,而是当它们遇到了强敌,使出断足截尾的绝招,来一个“舍车保帅”,新的足或尾还未长成原来样子的缘故。水螅的分身术更高出一筹,它被切成数段之后,每一段都可像蚯蚓那样,长出新的完整的个体来。     

  ④变色法是动物的又一招数。栖息在北极圈的白狐、北欧山区的雪兔、日本北部的高山兔和我国新疆阿尔泰山区的雷鸟,能随着季节变化而改变颜色。如雷鸟,到白雪皑皑的时候,便银装素裹;当春暖花开时,又着上淡黄色的“春装”;盛夏炎暑,浑身又换成栗褐之色;当秋风萧瑟的时节来到,又穿上与环境协调一致的暗棕色羽裳。     

  ⑤见过竹节蝗、枯叶蝶的人,无不为它们的形态与所附着的茎叶是那么相似而叫绝,这是一种生就的拟态。生活在澳洲的叶海马,其体态能模拟周围物体,全身生出许多叶形突出物和丝状物,好似马尾藻一样,在海水中缓缓飘荡,使对手极难辨别。     

  ⑥有的动物甚至会“诈术”。一位学者曾发现,一只苍鹭为觅食一条小鱼,颇费了一番脑筋:它嘴叼一根小羽毛,在小溪岸边踱着方步,两眼扫视着浅浅的溪水。随即它突然止步,有意让羽毛掉进水里面;小鱼误以为是饵料,游近羽毛,苍鹭便以闪电般的动作扑向水面,吞食美味。     

  ⑦动物在面临它的对手或要达到某一目的时,绝不是简单地屈从或毫不掩饰其真面目。人们在认识和利用动物时,务必要注意到这点

1.用自己的话概括本文的中心。

___________________________________

2.认真阅读短文,可以看出动物玩弄骗术的方式有____________等几种。

3.文章说明了动物“弄虚作假”的方式,采用了____________的方法,从局部看,则主要用举例子的方法,生动而形象地说明了____________。

4.摘录原文语句回答,加粗的“这点”是指____________。

5.加粗词“似乎”能否去掉?为什么?

 ___________________________________

答案

1.一些动物具有高超的伪装手段和诱骗技巧。

2.装死,分身术,变色法,拟态,行“诈术” 。

3.分类别    各种动物在伪装和行诈时的具体情形

4.动物在面临……真面目

5.不能。“似乎”一词表达了“傻乎乎”的否定意味,与上下文连贯一致。

填空题
阅读理解

Plants, like animals, are subject to diseases of various kinds.It has been estimated that some 30,000 different diseases attack our economic plants; forty are known to attack corn, and about as many attack wheat.The results of unchecked plant disease are all too obvious in countries which have marginal food supplies.The problem will soon be more widespread as the population of the world increases at its frightening rate.Even in countries which are now amply fed by their agricultural products there could soon be the major crops; the resulting famines(饥荒) could kill millions of people, and the resulting hardship on other millions could cause political upheavals(动乱) disastrous to the order of the world.

Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases, while others have a susceptibility to them.A blight (萎菌病) may be but a local infection easily controlled; on the other hand it can attack particular plants in a whole region or nation.An example is the blight which killed virtually every chestnut tree in North America.Another is the famous potato blight in Ireland in the last century.As a result of that, it was estimated that one million people died of starvation and related ailments.

Plant pathologists have made remarkable strides in identifying the pathogens of the various diseases.Bacteria may invade a plant through an infestation of insect parasites carrying the pathogen.A plant can also be inoculated by man.Other diseases might be caused by fungus which attacks the plant in the form of a model or smut or rust.Frequently such a primary infection will weaken the plant so that a secondary infection may result form its lack of tolerance.The symptoms(症状) shown may cause an error in diagnosis, so that treatment may be directed toward bacteria(细菌) which could be the result of a susceptibility caused by a primary virus infection.

小题1:How many diseases are known to attack wheat?

A.Around 30000

B.Forty

C.Around 29960

D.Around 40小题2:Unchecked plant disease won't result in_______.

A.food shortages in poor country

B.food shortages in rich country

C.increase of world population

D.disaster in world politics小题3:What is the main idea of the second paragraph?

A.Some plants have relative immunity to a great many diseases.

B.Some other plants have a susceptibility to a great many diseases.

C.The tolerance of a particular plant changes as the growing conditions change.

D.A blight can be a national infection.小题4:According to the passage, some plant diseases can__________.

A.infect people

B.be prevented by inoculation(接种疫苗)

C.be prevented by killing insects

D.be prevented by improving the growing conditions小题5:Which of the following won’t cause plant disease ?   

A.Fungus

B.Mold

C.Smut

D.Rust