问题 解答题
(Ⅰ)已知函数f(x)=lnx-x+1,x∈(0,+∞),求函数f(x)的最大值;
(Ⅱ)设a1,b1(k=1,2…,n)均为正数,证明:
(1)若a1b1+a2b2+…anbn≤b1+b2+…bn,则a1b1a2b2anbn≤1;
(2)若b1+b2+…bn=1,则
1
n
b1b1b2b2bnbn≤b12+b22+…+bn2
答案

(I)f(x)的定义域为(0,+∞),

令f′(x)=

1
x
-1=0,解得x=1,

当0<x<1时,f′(x)>0,所以f(x)在(0,1)上是增函数;

当x>1时,f′(x)<0,所以f(x)在(1,+∞)上是减函数;

故函数f(x)在x=1处取得最大值f(1)=0;

(II)(1)由(I)知,当x∈(0,+∞)时,有f(x)≤f(1)=0,即lnx≤x-1,

∵ak,bk(k=1,2…,n)均为正数,从而有lnak≤ak-1,

得bklnak≤akbk-bk(k=1,2…,n),

求和得

lnb1a1
+
lnb2a2
+
lnb3a3
+…+
lnbnan
≤a1b1+a2b2+…+anbn-(b1+b2+…+bn

∵a1b1+a2b2+…anbn≤b1+b2+…bn

lnb1a1
+
lnb2a2
+
lnb3a3
+…+
lnbnan
≤0,即ln(a1b1a2b2… anbn)≤0,

a1b1a2b2anbn≤1;

(2)先证

1
n
b1b1b2b2bnbn

令ak=

1
nbk
(k=1,2…,n),则a1b1+a2b2+…+anbn=1=b1+b2+…bn

于是由(1)得(

1
nb1
)b1(
1
nb2
)
b2
(
1
nbn
)
bn
≤1,即
1
 b1b1b2b2bnbn
≤nb1+b2+…bn=n,

1
n
b1b1b2b2bnbn

②再证b1b1b2b2bnbn≤b12+b22+…+bn2

记s=b12+b22+…+bn2.令ak=

bk
s
(k=1,2…,n),

则a1b1+a2b2+…+anbn=

1
s
(b12+b22+…+bn2)=1=b1+b2+…bn

于是由(1)得(

1
sb1
)b1(
1
sb2
)
b2
(
1
sbn
)
bn
≤1,

b1b1b2b2bnbn≤sb1+b2+…bn=s,

b1b1b2b2bnbn≤b12+b22+…+bn2

综合①②,(2)得证.

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