问题 论述题

(60分)西南地区是我国自然灾害多发的地区。去年持续到今年的大面积干旱严重影响到

 

当地人民的生活和生产。阅读下列材料,回答问题:

材料一:我国部分地区2010年2月下旬

某日近地面气压形势图

(1)分析材料比较A B两地气温 风向和风力的差异。(8分)

地区天气状况气温风向风力大小
A    
B    
(2)云南为我国西南边陲,国防安全重要。列举云南两条国际陆上交通线的名称。分析云南对外交通方式的特点及原因。(12分)

材料二:(宋淳熙十二年)淮水冰,断流。是冬大雪。自十二月至明年正月,或雪,或霰(xiàn,小冰粒),或雹或雨水,冰冱(hù,冻)尺余,连日不解。台州雪深丈余,冻死者甚众。

——《宋史》

(及至宋)陂湖之利日脧(juān,减少)月削……昔之曰江、曰湖、曰草荡者,今皆田也。

——《续文献通考》卷3

材料三:关于(中国古代)灾后救济状况,《周礼·地官司徒》所述最为全面,并首次用“荒政”之名统之,即“(大司徒)以荒政十二聚万民,一曰散利,二曰薄征,三曰缓刑,四曰弛力,五曰舍禁,……,十有二曰除盗贼。”

——据陈锋、张建民主编《中国经济史纲要》

(3)材料二给我们提供了宋朝哪些主要信息?(4分)依据材料三的“荒政”措施思考在古代能否从根本上解决灾荒问题?试简要说明理由。(6分)

材料四:……哥本哈根会议的对抗焦点自然是“发展中国家VS发达国家”围绕减排目标和援助资金的较量。借助哥本哈根这个舞台,发达国家开始有意淡化自己的“历史责任”,要求主要经济体处于“同一起跑线”上。

——摘自新华网

......“共同但有区别的责任”原则是国际合作应对气候变化的核心和基石,应当始终坚持......如果说二氧化碳排放是气候变化的直接原因,谁该承担主要责任就不言自明。无视历史责任,无视人均排放和各国的发展水平,要求近几十年才开始工业化,还有大量人口处于绝对贫困状态的发展中国家承担超出其应尽义务和能力范围的减排目标,是毫无道理的......应对气候变化必须在可持续发展的框架下统筹安排,决不能以延续发展中国家的贫穷和落后为代价。

——温 * * 2009年12月在哥本哈根会议上的讲话

(4)根据材料四你如何理解 “共同但有区别的责任”的原则?(6分)发展中国家在节能减排问题上面临着哪些压力?(4分)

材料五:我国的人均水资源量只有2300立方米,仅为世界平均水平的1/4,在世界排第110位,是全球人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一,形象地说就是:如果全球人均有一瓶水,那中国人均只有一杯水。

一边是西南偏远省区的持续干旱,另一边是大城市奢侈地消费水资源。由于城市水价长期低廉,不能对各市场主体形成约束;在大城市,洗车、洗浴等耗水大户日益增多,耗费大量水资源。市民家庭尚未全面推广节水龙头,浪费现象严重;再加上不少城市在污水处理回用、海水与雨水利用等方面仍处于较低水平甚至空白状态,都使日益匮乏的水资源供求矛盾加剧。

(5)结合材料五,从经济常识的角度,为我国政府缓解水资源供求矛盾提一些合理化建议?(10分)

材料六:贵州发生历史罕见的夏秋冬连旱灾情后,贵州省委、省政府高度重视,要求各相关部门在抗旱工作中恪尽职守,协同配合,形成抗旱救灾的强大合力,努力把灾害损失和影响降到最低程度。同时还要求受旱各县(市、区)及时启动抗旱预案,兴建应急提水、引水、调水工程,千方百计满足群众生活用水需要。

(6)结合材料六,运用联系的观点,分析贵州省各项抗旱工作的科学性。(10分)

答案

39-5:①总的要求:在充分发挥市场调节的基础性作用的同时,主要运用经济手段和法律手段加强和改善国家的宏观调控;

②建立健全反映水资源稀缺程度和市场供求关系的价格体系,通过价格杠杆达到提高用水效率和优化配置的目的;

③需要建立全局性的水资源调配制度,尤其是经济发达地区对后进地区的反哺。

④推动产业结构的优化升级,大力发展节水行业,控制两高行业发展;

⑤大力发展循环经济,促进经济发展方式的根本性转变,依靠科技进步,推广节水技改和水资源的循环利用;

⑥加大宣传教育力度,增强公民的节水意识,引导消费者树立科学消费、绿色消费的观念。

每点2分,任答5点给满分,但总分不得超过10分。

39-6:①事物都处在普遍的客观联系之中,要坚持联系的观点。面对严重旱情,各部门应加强密切合作,共同应对。(2分)

②事物的联系具有条件性,人们根据固有的联系,改变事物的状态,建立新的具体联系。兴建应急提水、引水、调水工程,千方百计满足群众生活用水需要。(3分)

③因果联系具有普遍性、客观性。要增强抗旱工作的自觉性和预见性,及时启动各项抗旱预案。(3分)

④正确处理好整体与局部的关系,从整体着眼,寻求最优目标,面对严重旱情,各部门不应各自为战,必须恪尽职守,协同配合,形成抗旱救灾的强大合力。(2分)

单项选择题

Middle born children will tell you that they usually didn’t feel all that special while growing up. The first born had his spot-carrier of the family banner and responsible for everything. The last born had his comfy little role, but the middle born had no distinctive place to call his own.

Middle-borns just seem to be easily overlooked, and maybe that’s why there are so few pictures of them in the family photo album. There may be hundreds, seemingly thousands, of pictures of the firstborn. For some strange reason, however, which I have confirmed by polling middle-born children around the world, there are seldom many pictures of the middle child, and what photos there are have him included with the others -- squeezed again between the older sibling and the younger sibling.

Another thing that can be said of many middle-born children is that they typically place great importance on their peer group. The middle child is well known for going outside the home to make friends faster than anybody else in the family. When a child feels like a fifth wheel at home, friends become very important; as a result, many middle children (but not all, of course) tend to be the social lions of the family. While firstborns, typically, have fewer friends, middle children often have many.

Middle children have a propensity to leave home first and live farther away from the family than anyone else. I observed a dramatic illustration of this tendency while I was a guest on Oprah Winfrey’s show. The subject that day was sibling rivalry. Three charming young women, all sisters, were among the guests, and we quickly learned that the firstborn and the last born were residents of the Eastern state where they had grown up. They had settled down near their parents and other family members. But the middle child had moved to the West Coast.

I suppose she could have gotten another two thousand miles farther away by moving to Hawaii, but her point was still well made. Middle children are the ones who will most often physically distance themselves from the rest of the family. It’s not necessarily because they’re on the outs with everyone else. They simply !ike to do their own thing, make their own friends, and live their own lives.

All of this is not to say that middle children totally ignore their siblings or the rest of the family. one common characteristic of the middle child is that she is a good mediator or negotiator. She comes naturally into this role because she’s often right in the middle, between big brother and little sister, whatever the case may be. And because she can’t have Mom or Dad all to herself, she learns the fine art of compromise. Obviously, these skills are assets in adult life, and middle children often become the best adjusted adults in the family.

What is the main argument of this passage?()

A.First-born children are the carriers of the family banner and responsible for everything.

B.Middle-born children tend to be more independent and sociable while growing up.

C.Last-born children are the favorites who get most attention in the family.

D.Children are not really treated in the same way in the family.

单项选择题