问题 单项选择题

下列关于工程间接费的组成正确的是( )。

A.企业管理费+财务费用+临时设施费
B.企业管理费+财务费用+其他费用
C.企业管理费+其他费用+临时设施费
D.企业管理赞+其他费用+现场经费

答案

参考答案:B

阅读理解

阅读理解.

     My aunt Edith was a widow (寡妇) of 50, working as a secretary, when doctors discovered

what was thought to be a very serious heart disease.

     Aunt Edith doesn't accept defeat (击败) easily. She began studying medical reports in the library

and found an article in a magazine about a well-known heart surgeon (外科医生), Dr. Michael

DeBakey, of Houston, Texas. He had saved the life of someone with the same disease. The article

said Dr. DeBakey's fees were very high; Aunt Edith couldn't possibly pay them. But could he tell

her of someone whose fee she could pay?

     So Aunt Edith wrote to him. She simply listed her reasons for wanting to live: her three children,

who would be on their own in three or four more years, her little girl was dreaming of traveling and

seeing the world. There wasn't a word of self-pity---only warmth and humor and the joy of living.

She mailed the letter, not really expecting an answer.

     A few days later, my doorbell rang. Aunt Edith didn't wait to come in; she stood in the hall and

read aloud: "Your beautiful letter moved me very deeply. If you can come to Houston, there will

be no charge for either the hospital or the operation. Signed-Michael DeBakey."

That was seven years ago. Since then, Aunt Edith has been around the world. Her three children

are happily married. For her age, she is one of the youngest, most alive people I know—all

because of an open heart surgeon who knew how to honor his profession, and how to open his

own heart.

1. We learn from the reading that ________.

A. the heart disease was hard to deal with at that time

B. some doctors also could save Aunt Edith's life

C. Aunt Edith's children worried about their mother

D. Aunt Edith finally died when she was 57

2. The underlined word charge is the closest in meaning to ________.

A. problem

B. fee

C. time

D. chance

3. Aunt Edith didn't really expect an answer because ________.

A. she didn't know Dr. DeBakey's exact address

B. Dr. DeBakey was too busy to write a letter

C. she didn't tell the doctor her trouble

D. she thought the doctor didn't care about the poor

4. Dr. DeBakey promised to help Aunt Edith in order to ________.

A. make himself better-known

B. make her dream come true

C. honor his profession

D. help the children live better

5. Which is the best title of the passage?

A. A Lucky Widow

B. A Successful Operation

C. An Unexpected Answer

D. A Full-loved Letter

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文章,完成1~4题。

蔡元培的北大时代

黄艾禾

  北大因蔡元培,从此确立其现代传统和校格。而蔡元培也因北大,成为中国伟大的教育家。

  1916年时的北大,虽然已经改名为国立北京大学,其作为“皇家大学”的官僚气与衙门气依然浓厚。在教员中,有不少是北洋政府的官僚,这些教师即使不学无术,也受到学生巴结,以便日后自己当官仕途方便。陶希圣先生对那时的北大曾有这样的回忆:“民国初年,贵族子弟仍然不少。……两院一堂是八大胡同(当时的妓院集中地)受欢迎的重要的顾客。一堂就是北京大学——京师大学堂。”北大的这种腐败名声,蔡元培早有所闻,朋友们也劝他不要去,担心他“进去了,若不能整顿,反于自己的名声有碍”,然而蔡元培内心里已经下定决心。实际上,“教育救国”的理念,是蔡元培自戊戌变法失败后一直坚信不疑的信念。

  1916年12月26日,蔡元培接受了北洋政府大总统黎元洪的北大校长委任状。1917年1月4日,蔡元培赴北大上任。据当时正在北大上学的顾颉刚的回忆,到任那天,校工们在门口恭恭敬敬排队向他行礼,蔡元培“脱下礼帽,郑重其事地向校工们回鞠了一个躬,这就使校工和学生们大为惊讶”。实际上,蔡元培从来也没有把北大校长一职看做是官职,他不做官,也要求学生们不做官。

  蔡元培1月4日到北大上任,1月11日就呈请教育部聘任陈独秀出任文科学长。当时的北大,被重新分为文、理、法三科,下面再分系;文科学长,相当于文学院院长。蔡元培与陈独秀,个性完全不同。陈独秀锋芒逼人,而蔡元培却外圆内方,连疾言厉色都很少见。但是蔡元培看中陈独秀的,是他的新锐和毅力。蔡是在翻阅了十余本《新青年》后决意聘他的,一旦下定决心,就一趟趟“亲顾茅庐”。他去陈的住处拜访陈时,因陈习惯晚睡晚起。他就耐心地坐在门口的一只小板凳上,等待着年龄小他一轮的陈独秀醒来。

  在蔡元培引进了陈独秀后,陈又引进了胡适进北大当教师。而胡适当时不过是个连博士学位还没拿到的毛头小伙——后来,胡适在他的纪念文章里曾提到,如果没有蔡元培,他的一生很可能会在一家二三流的报刊编辑生涯中度过。引进陈独秀与胡适,是蔡元培“兼容并包,思想自由”的著名八字方针下的两段佳话。蔡决心以这八个字来塑造北大,是他在欧洲留学期间就已埋下的心愿。在这种精神下,北大吸引了中国的各路学术精英。大师云集,各种文化社团风起云涌。而那种“师生间问难质疑,坐而论道的学风”,那种民主自由的风气,从那时开始形成,成为北大异于其他大学、吸引后来一代又一代学子的独特传统。

  实行教授治校,也是蔡元培在国外留学期间感悟到的。在蔡任北大校长期间建立起教授会、评议会,各科学长由教授会公举等举措,都是对德国大学管理方法的仿效。据时任北大教授的沈尹默的回忆,当时的评议会,由全体教授推举,约五人中选一人。凡校中章程规律,都要经评议会同意。

  讲到蔡元培与北京大学,就必然讲到“五四运动”。在蔡元培的支持下,以北京大学为中心的波澜壮阔的新文化运动,为“五四运动”孕育了丰厚的文化背景,而“五四运动”本身,也直接与蔡元培相关。1919年5月4日,在游行队伍从红楼出发之前,蔡元培曾在出口处挡了一下。他表示大家有什么要求,他可以代表同学们向政府提要求。但在激愤之下,学生们不肯。

  5月4日当晚,北大学生群集在三院大礼堂商讨对策。蔡元培对学生们说:“你们今天所做的事情我全知道了,我寄以相当的同情。”话一出,全场欢声雷动。蔡又说:“我是全校之主,我自当尽营救学生之责……我保证在三天之内,把被捕同学营救回来。”

  在社会的强大舆论压力下,被捕学生于5月7日被保释出狱。而蔡元培却在5月8日向政府提出辞呈。第二天,就悄然去了天津,后来回了浙江老家。

  1923年之后的蔡元培,人或在海外,或在国内办大学院和中央研究院等,已不再管理北大校务,但是,北大却从此确立其现代传统和校格。而蔡元培也因北大,成为伟大的教育家。

1.蔡元培是在北大怎样的现实下就任校长的?就职后的蔡元培采取了哪些具体措施来改造北大,从而“确立其现代传统和校格”?

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2.同是写蔡元培引进不同风格的杰出人才,为什么在写陈独秀与写胡适时运用不同的表达方法?这样写有什么好处?

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3.文中说:“在游行队伍从红楼出发之前,蔡元培曾在出口处挡了一下。他表示大家有什么要求,他可以代表同学们向政府提要求。”请结合全文,简要谈你对蔡元培先生对学生游行请愿的态度的看法。

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4.蔡元培先生曾被毛 * * 赞誉为“学界泰斗,人世楷模”。依据本文内容,简要论述本文哪些方面体现了蔡元培的“学界泰斗,人世楷模”的特征。

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