问题 选择题

城市综合承载力是指城市在不产生任何破坏时所能承受的最大负荷,是指城市的资源赋存、生态环境、基础设施和公共服务对城市人口及经济社会活动的承载能力,是资源承载力、环境承载力、经济承载力和社会承载力的有机结合体。城市综合承载力的高低可以用综合承载力指数表示,其数值越大,代表相关指标的承受压力越大。下图示意北京市2000-2010年城市综合承载力指数变化,读图完成下列各题。

小题1:下列现象,与北京市2000-2010年城市综合承载力指数变化所反映状况吻合的是

①冬季雾霾天气增多 ②公共交通乘用比例上升

③绿地面积扩大     ④社会公共资源相对减少

A.①②

B.①④

C.②③

D.②④小题2:北京市城市综合承载力指数变化的根本原因是

A.资源开发力度过大

B.环境破坏程度加大

C.经济发展速度过快

D.城市人口数量剧增小题3:下列做法,能降低城市综合承载力指数的是a

①建设卫星城,开发新区 ②建设城市立体交通网

③推进垃圾分类回收工作 ④加快城市工业化进程

A.①②③

B.①②④

C.①③④

D.②③④

答案

小题1:B

小题2:D

小题3:A

题目分析:

小题1:根据图中所示信息,北京2000-2010年城市综合承载力指数总体呈上升趋势,说明北京的资源状况、生态环境、基础设施及公共服务等相关指数的压力增大。结合四个选项,①项说明生态环境恶化,④项社会公共资源相对减少,这两项会增加生态环境和资源赋存所承受的压力,而②项公共交通乘用比例上升可以提高资源和基础设施的利用效率,③项绿地面积增加会使生态环境得到改善,这两项均会降低相关指数所承受的压力。

小题2:北京市城市综合承载力指数变化的根本原因是随着城市化的发展,城市人口数量剧增而导致的。其它三项均是城市化发展过程中出现的问题,而这些问题的出现与人口的迅速增加密不可分。

小题3:①②③三项的做法可以降低人口和经济发展对城市中心区的压力,完善城市基础设施,提高公共服务效率,改善城市生态环境,这些都可以降低城市综合承载力指数。而④项加快城市工业化进程,片面大力发展工业可能会导致资源的大量消耗,生态环境恶化。

填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

判断题