问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《天资与勤奋》,完成下列各小题。(13分)

谈到天资,首先必须承认,人与人之间天资是不同的,这是一个事实,谁也否定不掉。十年浩劫中,自命天才的人居然大批天才,葫芦里卖的是什么药,至今不解。到了今天,学术界和文艺界自命天才的人颇不稀见,我除了羡慕这些人“自我感觉过分良好”外,不敢赞一词。对于自己的天资,我看,还是客观一点好,实事求是一点好。

至于勤奋,一向为古人所赞扬。囊萤、映雪、悬梁、刺股等故事流传了千百年,家喻户晓。韩文公的“焚膏油以继晷,恒兀兀以穷年”,更为读书人所向往。如果不勤奋,则天资再高也毫无用处。事理至明,无待饶舌。

谈到机遇,往往为人所忽视。它其实是存在的,而且有时侯影响极大。就以我自己为例,如果清华不派我到德国去留学,则我的一生完全不会像现在这个样子。

把成功的三个条件拿来分析一下,天资是由“天”来决定的,我们无能为力。机遇是不期而来的,我们也无能为力。只有勤奋一项完全是我们自己决定的,我们必须在这一项上狠下功夫。在这里,古人的教导也多得很。还是先举韩文公。他说:“业精于勤,荒于嬉;行成于思,毁于随。”这两句话是大家都熟悉的。

王静安在《人间词话》中说:“古今之成大事业、大学问者,必须经过三种之境界:‘昨夜西风凋碧树,独上高楼,望尽天涯路。’此第一境也。‘衣带渐宽终不悔,为伊消得人憔悴。’此第二境也。‘众里寻他千百度,蓦然回首,那人却在,灯火阑珊处。’此第三境也。”静安先生第一境写的是预期。第二境写的是勤奋。第三境写的是成功。其中没有写天资和机遇。我不敢说,这是他的疏漏,因为写的角度不同。但是,我认为,补上天资与机遇,似更为全面。我希望,大家都能拿出“衣带渐宽终不悔”的精神来从事做学问或干事业,这是成功的必由之路。

小题1:请用自己的语言简要概括选段的主要观点。(2分)

                                                                                      

小题2:联系选文内容,就文中加点词按要求回答问题。(4分)

(1)“十年浩劫中,自命天才的人居然大批天才,葫芦里卖的是什么药,至今不解。”一句中加

点的词表达了作者什么样的思想感情?

                                                                                    

(2)“我不敢说,这是他的疏漏,因为写的角度不同。”联系上下文,解释加点词在文中的含义。

                                                                                        

小题3:对于成功所需条件的看法,从不同的角度看可能观点未必相同,作者认为成功需要天资、勤奋和机遇,你认为成功需要什么条件?请结合自己的生活实际和阅读体验谈谈。(3分)

                                                                                     

                                                                                    

                                                                                     

小题4:近年来,湖南卫视的“超级女声”、上海卫视的“加油,好男儿”、央视的“梦想中国”等活动成为了综艺节目的主流,收视率一路攀高,许多人梦想通过这一形式走向成功。你怎样看待这种社会现象?请结合文章内容谈谈你的理由。(4分)

                                                                                    

                                                                                    

                                                                                     

答案

小题1:勤奋是成功的必由之路。

小题1:(1)表达作者对自命天才的人的讽刺和愤恨。或:对自我标榜唯物主义却大行迷信的丑恶行为深恶痛绝。

(2)“不敢”是“没有胆量”意思,表示尊重,也没有足够的根据说是王国维的疏漏,表明作者治学态度的严谨和谦虚。

小题1:不设统一答案, 按要求言之有理即可。

小题1:不设统一答案,赞成与反对均可。赞成者可从参赛者努力并抓住机遇的角度阐述理由;反对者可从成功需要勤奋而不是靠一夜成名的角度阐述理由。

小题1:2分,意对即可。

小题1:每小题各2分,意对即可。

小题1:3分,视内容语言分别以3、2、1给分。

小题1:4分。作出判断1分,阐述理由3分。鼓励有独特的见解。有自己独特的见解理由充分,语言通顺,可得3分;有独特见解,但理由不充分或语言欠通顺,或见解一般,但语言通顺,得2分;见解肤浅,语言欠通顺,得1分。

阅读理解

KANDAHAR, Afghanistan–-- Afghans burned tires and chanted “Death to America” after U.S troops fired Monday(April 12, 2010) on a civilian bus near Kandahar, killing four people and wounding more than a dozen. Afghanistan’s president accused NATO of breaking its commitment to safeguard civilian lives.

The attack angered Afghan officials and the public in Kandahar, the Taliban’s birthplace, and dealt a blow to U.S and NATO efforts to win popular support for a coming offensive to drive the insurgents(叛乱分子) from the biggest city in the south. NATO expressed regret for the loss of civilian lives and said it was investigating.

Nearly 200 Afghans blocked highway where the shooting occurred, burning tires, firing weapons and chanting “Death to America” and other slogans. They also called for the ouster (forcing somebody out of a pasition) of Afghan President Hamid Karzai, a Kandahar native who has been appealing for the people here to support the U.S-led campaign against the Taliban.

“The Americans are constantly killing our civilians and the government is not demanding an explanation,” protester Mohammad Razaq said. “We demand justice from the Karzai government and the punishment of those soldiers responsible.”

Kandahar, a city of about a half million people, is nominally under government control, but the Taliban have stepped up infiltration(浸润), staging attacks and threatening local people.

“These foreigners have their enemies, but killing Afghans is not the answer,” said Abdul Hadi, who sells homemade herbal medicine in a public market. He said international forces should publish a schedule of their patrols(巡逻) so Afghans can keep out of the way.

“Better yet, I would like to see them leave Afghanistan,” he added.

Haji Zahir, who runs a transport firm, said it was time for U.S. and other foreign forces to withdraw from the country.

“They say they want to bring security. It is all lies, lies. They kill Afghans. That is not the way to bring security,” Zahir said.

46.According to the passage, we can safely conclude that____________.

A.American soldiers are killing Talibans effectively

B.Anger rises as US troops kill 4 Afghans on a bus

C.NATO expressed great dissatisfaction with American troops

D.Afghan President Hamid Karzai required NATO to withdraw

47.The underlined word in Paragraph 5 nominally most probably means____________.

A.completely unknown to the people in the world

B.partially well-known to the people across the globe

C.bearing the name of a famous person around the world

D.officially described as something, when this is not really true

48.As for NATO soldiers’ rude action, Abdul Hadi is ____________.

A.absolutely angry and upset        B.a little pleased but impatient

C.very angry and dissatisfied        D.impatient but bearable

49.We can infer from the passage that____________

A.NATO troops can completely control Afghanistan

B.NATO troops can bring security to Afghanistan

C.Afghans will accept NATO’s control sooner or later

D.it’s impossible for NATO to conquer Afghanistan and its people

50.Which statement is true according to the passage?

A.NATO fails to win popular support for a coming offensive.

B.Kandahar is the most important city in Afghanistan.

C.NATO has really brought security to Afghanistan.

D.NATO troops will withdraw from Afghanistan in the near future.

单项选择题 A1型题