问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《辣椒》,完成第1-2题。

  ①辣椒,又叫番椒、海椒、辣子、辣角、秦椒等,是一种茄科辣椒属植物。辣椒属为一年或多年生草本植物。果实通常成圆锥形或长圆形,未成熟时呈绿色,成熟后变成鲜红色、黄色或紫色,以红色最为常见。

  ②辣椒的功能多样。辣椒能刺激口腔粘膜,引起胃的蠕动,促进唾液分泌,增强食欲,促进消化。辣椒也具有杀菌作用。当人摄入辛辣食物后体内温度急剧上升,这样就可以抑制食物中的有害病菌的繁殖或者杀死有害细菌。辣椒还能暖胃驱寒。《食物本草》中说,辣椒能温暖脾胃。如果遇寒出现呕吐、腹泻、肚子疼等症状,可以适当吃些辣椒。同时,辣椒也具有燃烧脂肪的功能。辣椒含有一种成分——辣椒碱,它可以通过扩张血管,刺激体内生热系统,有效地燃烧体内的脂肪,加快新陈代谢,使体内的热量消耗速度加快。据测算:进食一餐辣味之后,可以消耗大于25%的卡路里热量。

  ③辣椒为什么会辣呢?最近,科学家解开了这个秘密。这种让吃不惯辣椒的人眼泪直流的灼痛感觉,可能是辣椒保护自己的种子不被哺乳动物吃掉的一种策略。辣椒中含有一种被称为辣椒素的物质,能够刺激皮肤和舌头上感觉痛和热的区域,使大脑产生灼热疼痛的辛辣感觉。科学家研究发现,辣椒果实被小型哺乳动物吃掉,种子经消化排出之后,几乎不能再发芽。而鸟类的消化系统基本不对辣椒种子造成伤害。科学家认为,辣椒之所以辣是出自保护自己的作用。辣椒不想让动物(哺乳动物)把它们的果子吃掉,所以才在辣椒果子里产生了辣椒素,这样吃不了辣的动物就会放弃。而鸟类却丝毫吃不出半点辣味,辣椒素能给它们清爽的感觉,还有止痛的功效。所以鸟类吃起辣椒来像在嚼口香糖,而果实中的辣椒籽则会完整地经过鸟类的肠道排泄出来,完成一次又一次的播种。

  ④辣椒作为一种美食,受到世界各地人们的喜爱。印度人称辣椒为“红色牛排”;墨西哥人将辣椒视为国食。在我国,辣椒在许多地区都是非常重要的调味品,甚至没有它就无法下饭。这是为什么呢?这是因为当辣椒的辣味刺激舌头、口腔的神经末梢时,机体的神经系统会反射性地出现心跳加速、唾液及汗液分泌增加、肠胃蠕动增快而加倍“工作”;同时兴奋性的刺激会使大脑释放出内啡肽,再吃下去,大脑又会以为有痛苦袭来,于是释放出更多的内啡肽。内腓肽会促进大脑内另一种物质——多巴胺的分泌。多巴胺是一种脑内分泌,它相当于每个人体内的“奖励系统”的物质基础,是一种类似肾上腺素的物质,可以影响一个人的情绪,在短时间内令人高度兴奋。于是享乐主义的大脑让我们吃辣吃上瘾了,以致于闻到浓郁的辣味就有进食的冲动。

1.本文②-④段的说明层次是:先说明_________,再说明_________,最后说明________。

2.阅读下面两则材料,借助文章相关内容,分析下面材料中所写的现象各印证了辣椒所具有的什么功能,并作简要解释。

材料一:

  吃完辣椒后,让人汗水直流,身体里象包裹着一团燃烧的烈火,欲罢不能,越吃越爱吃。近些年来,有人尝试食用辣椒或辣椒制品来减肥。在日本,就已经出现了多种适合女性食用的辣椒制品。

材料二:

  热带地区气候炎热,很容易滋生各种病原体和寄生虫,食物不易保存。科学家发现,生活在炎热气候条件下的居民懂得用吃辣椒的办法来解决这一难题。据美国《国家地理杂志》报道,一般来说,生活在炎热地区的居民(如泰国、印度)相对于其他地区的人更喜欢吃辛辣食物。

_______________________________________________

答案

1.辣椒的功能  辣椒辣的原因(辣椒为什么会辣) 人们喜爱辣椒的原因

2.材料一:辣椒具有燃烧脂肪的功能。吃辣椒能有效地燃烧体内的脂肪,加快新陈代谢,使体内的热量消耗速度加快,因而吃辣椒后让人汗水直流,身体里象包裹着一团燃烧的烈火。因而辣椒具有燃烧脂肪的功能。

材料二:辣椒具有杀菌作用。热带地区很容易滋生各种病原体和寄生虫,食物不易保存。当人摄入辛辣食物后体内温度急剧上升,可以抑制食物中的有害病菌的繁殖或者杀死有害细菌。(意对即可)

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Maurice Sendak's children's book, Where the Wild Things Are, published in 1963, has become

very successful throughout the years and was made into a movie earlier this year.

     The book's main character is a boy named Max who gets into trouble with his mother and is sent

to bed without any supper. Before long, Max's room magically becomes a forest, and he sails away to

a land where monsters live. Max isn't scared, though, and becomes king of the wild things, but after a

while, he begins feeling homesick. Max sails back home and his supper is still hot when he arrives in

his bedroom.

     Many teachers and professors like this story and use it to help children develop creativity and

imagination. Melina Davis, an education professor, said she likes how the book contains a couple

of pages that have only pictures on them. "This allows children to shape the story themselves," she

said.

     The book contains a few of larger words that some parents worry may confuse children, but

experts say those words help improve children's reading skills and challenge them.

     Davis said the book is well written which helps kids get involved in the story. "The book talks

about what all children go through, like 'I was naughty but my mommy still loves me'," Davis said.

     The book also encourages children to face their fears. "I think it's really good to show that Max

makes friends with the monsters," Davis said. "Kids can find out monsters aren't always the thing

under the bed that's going to scare them. I think this is good because it shows that the children can

go to scary places but still have a positive experience."

     Since the book has been successful throughout the years, a movie was recently made and many

people are excited to see it. Davis said she thinks the movie will be wonderful but it might be a little

scary for younger children. "You don't want bad dreams over a book that's extremely wonderful,"

Davis said.

1. Teachers and professors like the book because it helps children ____________.

A. learn to draw their own pictures            

B. understand their own fear

C. develop more quickly                    

D. become more imaginative

2. What is the intention of using the larger words in the book?

A. To add to the difficulty while children are reading.    

B. To help challenge the children's reading skills.

C. To cause the children some confusion.              

D. To help children get involved in the story.

3. Which of the following is TRUE about the book?

A. The character Max is brave enough in the story.        

B. Max was sent to the forest as punishment.

C. It is suitable for people of all ages.            

D. It is the most popular children's book ever published.

4. What does Davis think of the movie?

A. She thinks children of all ages will love it.  

B. She encourages children to see it to fight against their fear.

C. She worries that it might be too frightening for some children.

D. She believes it will be a better choice for children than the book.

5.What's the author's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To suggest ways to improve children's reading.        

B. To comment on a famous children's book.

C. To encourage children to read scary stories.        

D. To introduce a movie based on a children's book.

单项选择题