问题 填空题

卤代烃(R-X)在醚类溶剂中与Mg反应可制得格氏试剂,格氏试剂在有机合成方面用途广泛。

已知: 

(R表示烃基,R′和R″表示烃基或氢)

某有机物A有如下转化:

试回答下列问题:

(1)B→A的反应条件为__________________________,B→C的反应类型是_______________。

(2)G的结构简式是_______________________________。

(3)H中所含官能团的名称是________________________________________。

(4)写出一种满足下列条件的物质H的同分异构体的结构简式 ____________________________

①能发生银镜反应;②有三种不同氢原子;③含有最多的甲基

(5)聚苯乙烯(PS)由苯乙烯( )聚合而成,是一种多功能塑料,广泛应用于食品包装,机器设备等许多日常生活领域中。写出以 D和苯为主要原料制备苯乙烯()的合成路线流程图,无机试剂任选。

(合成路线常用表示方法为:AB ……目标产物)

答案

(1)NaOH醇溶液、△(1分)  ;取代 (1分)

(2) (2分)

(3)碳碳双键、羟基  (2分)

(4)(CH3)3CCH2CHO  (2分)

(5) (4分)

题目分析:A与单质溴反应生成B,则根据B的化学式可知A是乙烯,B是1,2-二氯乙烷,结构简式是CH2ClCH2Cl。B与Mg在无水乙醇的作用下反应,则根据已知信息可知,生成物F的结构简式是ClMgCH2CH2MgCl。B水解生成C,也能转化为乙烯,这说明B是一卤代乙烷,所以C是乙醇。乙醇含有羟基,转化为D,D能和F反应,则根据已知信息可知,D是乙醛,是乙醇氧化生成的。根据F和D的结构简式可知,G的结构简式是H3CCH(OH) CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3。G分子中含有2个羟基,在浓硫酸的作用下发生消去反应生成链状化合物I,则I的结构简式是H3CCH=CHCH2CH(OH)CH3

(1)B→A是卤代烃的消去反应生成乙烯,则反应的化学反应方程式是CH3CH2Br+NaOH  NaBr+H2O+CH2=CH2↑。的反应条件为NaOH醇溶液、△,B→C的反应类型是卤代烃的水解反应,也是取代反应。

(2)G的结构简式是H3CCH(OH) CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3

(3)根据H的结构简式可知,H中所含官能团的名称是碳碳双键和羟基。

(4)①能发生银镜反应,说明含有醛基;②核磁共振氢谱有3个峰,说明含有3类等效氢原子;③拥有最多的甲基,所以根据H的结构简式可知,该同分异构体的结构简式是(CH3)3CCH2CHO。

(5)要制备聚苯乙烯,则可以通过逆推法完成。即首先制备苯乙烯,而碳碳双键的引入需要羟基的消去反应。要引入羟基则可以借助于已知信息,通过格林试剂与羰基的加成得到,因此正确的流程图是

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The day was star-crossed: Friday the 13th in the month of October, on the eve of the second looming anniversary of a devastating market crash. "I’m telling you, psychology is really funny. People get crazy in situations like that," said portfolio strategist Elaine Garzarelli. Last week Friday the 13th lived up to its frightful reputation. After drifting lower at a sleepy pace for most of the day, the Dow Jones industrial average abruptly lurched into a hair-raising sky dive in the final hour of trading.

The Bush Administration moved swiftly to avert any sense of crisis after the market closed. Declared Treasury Secretary Nicholas Brady: "It’s important to recognize that today’s stock market decline doesn’t signal any fundamental change in the condition of the economy. The economy remains well balanced, and the outlook is for continued moderate growth." But Massachusetts Democrat Edward Markey, who chairs a House subcommittee on telecommunications and finance, vowed to hold hearings this week on the stock market slide. Said he: "This is the second heart attack. My hope is that before we have the inevitable third heart attack, we pay attention to these problems."

Experts found no shortage of culprits to blame for the latest shipwreck. A series of downbeat realizations converged on Friday, ranging from signs of a new burst of inflation to sagging corporate profits to troubles in the junk-bond market that has fueled major takeovers. The singular event that shook investors was the faltering of a $6.75 billion labor management buyout of UAL, the parent company of United Airlines, the second largest U. S. carrier.

On one point most thoughtful Wall Streeters agreed: the market had reached such dizzying heights that a correction of some sort seemed almost inevitable. Propelled by favorable economic news and a wave of multibillion-dollar takeovers, stocks had soared more than 1,000 points since the 1987 crash. But by last August some Wall streeters were clearly worried.

The heaviest blow to the market came Friday afternoon. In a three-paragraph statement, UAL said a labor-management group headed by Chairman Stephen Wolf had failed to get enough financing to acquire United. Several banks had apparently balked at the deal, which was to be partly financed through junk bonds. The take-over group said it would submit a revised bid "in the near term,’ but the announcement stunned investors who had come to view the United deal as the latest sure thing in the 1980s buyout binge. Said John Downey, a trader at the Chicago Board Options Exchange: "The airline stocks have looked like attractive takeover targets. But with the United deal in trouble, everyone started to wonder what other deals might not go through.

The main reason for the latest crisis in stock market as pointed out by the writer lies in()

A. the perception of inflation

B.the collapse of confidence

C. the failure of a buyout deal

D. the correction of a market