问题 计算题

(2010·上海物理)(14分)如图,宽度L=0.5m的光滑金属框架MNPQ固定板个与水平面内,并处在磁感应强度大小B=0.4T,方向竖直向下的匀强磁场中,框架的电阻非均匀分布,将质量m=0.1kg,电阻可忽略的金属棒ab放置在框架上,并且框架接触良好,以P为坐标原点,PQ方向为x轴正方向建立坐标,金属棒从处以的初速度,沿x轴负方向做的匀减速直线运动,运动中金属棒仅受安培力作用。求:

(1)金属棒ab运动0.5m,框架产生的焦耳热Q;

(2)框架中aNPb部分的电阻R随金属棒ab的位置x变化的函数关系;

(3)为求金属棒ab沿x轴负方向运动0.4s过程中通过ab的电量q,某同学解法为:先算出金属棒的运动距离s,以及0.4s时回路内的电阻R,然后代入

q=

求解指出该同学解法的错误之处,并用正确的方法解出结果。

答案

(1)(2)(3)见解析

(1)

因为运动中金属棒仅受安培力作用,所以F=BIL

,所以

,得

所以

(2),得,所以

(3)错误之处:因框架的电阻非均匀分布,所求是0.4s时回路内的电阻R,不是平均值。

正确解法:因电流不变,所以

本题考查电磁感应、电路与牛顿定律、运动学公式的综合应用。难度:难。

填空题
从下面方框中选择适当的选项填入文中,使短文通顺、完整。选项中有两项是多余选项。
A. ever   B. watching   C. What   D. be   E. more   F. confidence
G. All   H. shown   I. Both   J. During   K. are   L. well
      High school student Jordin Sparks is the new American Idol (偶像) of 2007. For the past four months,
the singer has (1)            her excellent voice on TV.
      According to the rules, players must (2)            between the ages of 16 and 29. Jordin, aged 17, is the
youngest person who has (3)            won the match. "She's an excellent singer," said singer Smokey
Robinson. "She sings so (4)           . It's hard to believe she's only 17." 
      Throughout the season, Jordin showed people her (5)           . Her father, Phillippi Sparks, is a football
player. Perhaps (6)            her dad play under pressure helped Jordin prepare (准备) for this competition.
Jordin said that her father recently told her, "You are (7)            famous than me now." (8)            the final
match, both Jordin's mum and dad cried when they watched their daughter sing. 
       (9)            three judges (评委) agreed that Jordin was the winner. "You are the best singer tonight."
said one of the judges. They said that Jordin improved throughout the match. Now Jordin is asking herself,
"(10)            am I going to do next week, to be just as good or better?"
单项选择题