问题 论述题

材料一:改革开放30多年来,尤其是本世纪头10年来,我国先富群体快速扩大,社会各群体收入有了较大幅度的增长。同时我国也出现了收入差距急剧扩大,社会不公平感明显增强的问题。未来10年是全面建设小康社会的攻坚10年,这个阶段必须要处理好收入分配不公、腐败等社会反响强烈的问题。国家发改委社会发展研究所长杨宜勇说,收入分配问题,早一些时间解决可能没有实力;太晚解决错失很多机会,导致问题积重难返;现在解决这个问题正是时候。

材料二:据《第一财经日报》2013年1月4日报道:在刚刚闭幕的全国财政工作会议上,财政部将“优化国民收入分配格局”列为2013年财政支持社会事业发展、切实保障和改善民生的一项重要内容。指出2013年的改革攻坚日程表上,收入分配不容缺位。

阅读材料,说说我国如何实现收入分配方面的公平?(10分)

答案

①坚持和完善按劳分配为主体、多种分配方式并存的分配制度,为我国实现收入公平提供重要的制度保证。②保证居民收入在国民收入分配中占合理比重、劳动报酬在初次分配中占合理比重,逐步提高低收入者的收入,逐步提高最低工资标准,建立企业职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制。③再分配更加注重公平,加强宏观调控,强化税收调节,整顿分配秩序,完善社会保障制度,把收入差距控制在合理范围之内,防止出现严重的两极分化。④根本途径是贯彻落实科学发展观,大力发展生产力,促进国民经济又好又快发展。

题目分析:材料中“收入分配方面的公平”是解题的关键。学生根据书本上促进收入分配公平的三个举措结合材料分析即可。同时,要明确大力发展生产力,彻落实科学发展观,促进国民经济又好又快发展是实现收入分配公平的根本途径。

点评:此类试题要求学生掌握促进收入分配公平的措施。收入分配的公平主要表现为收入分配的相对平等,即要求社会成员之间的收入差距不能过于悬殊,要求保证人们的基本生活需要。它与平均主义有着根本的区别。意义:公平的收入分配,是社会主义分配原则的体现,它有助于协调人们之间的经济利益关系,实现经济发展、社会和谐。措施:①一个制度保证:坚持按劳分配为主体,多种分配方式并存的分配制度。两个重要举措:②保证居民收入在国民收入分配中占合理比重,劳动报酬在初次分配中占合理比重。着力提高低收入者的收入,逐步提高最低工资标准,建立企业职工工资正常增长机制和支付保障机制。③再分配更加注重公平。加强政府对收入分配的调节,保护合法收入,调节过高收入,取缔非法收入。本题难度适中,考查学生根据书本知识结合材料进行分析的能力。

阅读理解

   Gao Xiaosong, who is a famous musician, movie director and the writer of the famous song My Deskmate,

has been sent to jail (监狱) and will stay there for six months for drunk driving.

   "I've nothing to say for myself and I'm willing to be punished (惩罚)," he said when he was standing in the

court. "What I want to say is that I feel sorry for what I've done. I thought alcohol (酒精) could bring me

freedom but never realized drunk driving could take away others' freedom. And now I've lost my own freedom

because of drinking. I'll obey the new road safety rules and I want to be a life-long volunteer in persuading

(劝说) others not to drive after drinking."

   Anyone who drives after drinking doesn't think much of human life. If Gao had cared, he would have left his

car parked outside the restaurant and took a taxi home, and he would have thought about a road killer he would

become. It's fair to say that his behavior can not be excused in modern society. Gao may not have killed anyone, but by choosing to drive a car while under the influence of alcohol, he and the large number of others who do

the same have made the dangerous decision that may possibly hurt other people.

1. What was the reason for Gao Xiaosong's being jailed for six months?

   ________________________________________________________

2. How did he feel for what he had done?

   ________________________________________________________

3. Did he think he was wrong?

   ________________________________________________________

4. If one drives after drinking, what may happen?

    _______________________________________________________

5. What's your idea after reading this passage?

   ________________________________________________________

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