问题 单项选择题

脑动脉瘤,医生把它形象地比喻为“颅内炸弹”,因为脑动脉瘤患者常常因突然颅内出血导致残疾或死亡。

各种因素引起的血压突然增高,是诱发脑动脉瘤破裂的主要原因,所以,过去预防脑动脉瘤破裂,常常从防治血压升高人手。在一张人脑动脉示意图上可以看到,颅底动脉环是脑动脉瘤的高发病区。

为什么人会产生脑动脉瘤脑动脉瘤为什么容易破裂多年的临床手术,得到了大量脑动脉瘤病体组织,对它们进行研究,科研人员发现:“在动脉瘤壁上有一种特殊的物质,通过分子水平的研究实验,发现是一种免疫酶,我们可以推断动脉瘤的发生、破裂是和免疫有关的。

免疫包括细胞免疫和体液免疫。免疫反应往往对人自身有保护作用,但有时免疫反应对人体自身也有害,免疫细胞会杀死外来有害细菌,同时也会杀死与这些细菌相结合的人类的正常细胞。还有一种情况,免疫细胞会杀死自己不认识的人类的正常细胞。这样可能导致自身免疫性疾病,如风湿病、肾炎。人类脑动脉瘤的发生和破裂也与免疫反应有关。

研究人员对这种(囊性)脑动脉瘤组织进行分子生物学实验,发现在脑动脉瘤壁上有大量免疫细胞聚集,免疫细胞可以产生一些破坏脑动脉壁的生物酶,正是这类酶可以使脑动脉的强度下降、鼓出,形成了脑动脉瘤。在鼓出部位,也就是在脑动脉瘤处,随着免疫反应的增加和生物酶作用的增强,免疫细胞破坏了脑动脉内膜的弹力纤维和中膜的胶原纤维,弹力纤维被破坏后易破裂,使脑动脉瘤的壁越来越薄,最后导致脑动脉瘤破裂。

正确认识发病机理是有效防治疾病的关键。北京天坛医院神经外科的这一研究成果,开拓了防治脑动脉瘤疾病的新方向。控制脑动脉瘤的发生、发展和破裂,对最终解除“颅内炸弹”,拯救患者生命,有着重要现实意义。控制破坏性免疫反应,提高相关生物酶的作用是最终控制“颅内炸弹”的重要措施。

对本文含义的理解不正确的一项是()。

A.颅底动脉环是脑动脉瘤的高发病区

B.风湿病、肾炎都是免疫性疾病

C.控制破坏性免疫反应,提高相关生物酶的作用是控制脑动脉瘤发生、发展、破裂的有效措施

D.北京天坛医院研究成功了治疗脑动脉瘤的新方法

答案

参考答案:D

选择题
单项选择题

Lying in the sun on a rock, the cougar saw Jeb and his son, Tom, before they saw it. Jeb put his bag down quickly and pulled his jacket open with both hands, making himself look big to the cougar. It worked. The cougar hesitated, ready to attack Jeb, but ready to forget the whole thing, too.
Jeb took off his jacket, grasped Tom and held him across his body, making a cross. Now the cougar’s enemy looked even bigger, and it rose up, ready to move away, but unfortunately Tom got scared and struggled free of Jeb.
"Tom, No!" shouted his father.
But Tom broke and ran and that’s the last thing you do with a cougar. The second Tom broke free, Jeb threw himself on the cougar, just as it jumped from the rock. They hit each other in mid air and both fell. The cougar was on Jeb in a flash, forgetting about Tom, which was what Jeb wanted. Cougars are not as big as most people think and a determined man stands a chance, even just with his fists. As the cougar’s claws got into his left shoulder, Jeb swung his fist at its eyes and hit hard. The animal howled (吼叫) and put its head back. Jeb followed up with his other fist. Then out of the comer of his eye, Jeb saw Tom. The boy was running back to help his father.
"Knife, Tom," shouted Jeb.
The boy ran to his father’s bag, while Jeb started shouting as well as hitting, to keep the cougar’s attention away from Tom. Tom got the knife and ran over to Jeb. The cougar was moving its head in and out, trying to find a way through the wall. Jeb was making out of his arms. Tom swung with the knife, into the cougar’s back. It howled horribly and ran off into the mountains.

Why did Jeb pull his jacket open when he saw the cougar

A.To get ready to fight.

B.To frighten it away.

C.To protect the boy.

D.To cool down.