问题 阅读理解与欣赏
迷雾探踪(共17分)
(1)雾是一种常见的天气现象。当接近地面的大气中的水汽达到饱和状态时,大量的微小水滴或冰晶微粒悬浮在空中,形成雾茫茫的天气,使视野模糊不清,气象学上把这种天气现象称为雾。雾有轻重之分。当水平能见度在1——10千米时称为轻雾,水平能见度低于1千米时称为大雾,水平能见度在500米以下的称为浓雾、平流雾、蒸汽雾、上坡雾、锋面雾等几种。
(2)雾到底是怎样形成的呢?让我们来看看生活中的一个现象:在做饭时,大家总能看到锅的上方有雾气产生,雾的形成和它形成的原理相同,只是形成的范围大,维持的时间长而已。空气中能容纳一定量的水汽。白昼的温度一般比较高,空气中可容纳较多的水汽;但是到了夜晚,地面热量的散失,使地面温度下降,同时影响接近地面的空气层,使空气的温度也降低,当温度低到空气不能容纳原先所有的水汽时,过剩的水汽便凝结成小水滴或小冰晶,浮游在近地面的大气中,雾就形成了。凌晨时分空气温度低,所以大雾经常出现在早晨。太阳升起后,由于温度的升高,小水滴或小冰晶又变成水汽或降落到地面,雾又渐渐消散了。
(3)大雾天气不仅对交通影响很大,而且还危害农业。如果连续几天大雾,将使农作物缺乏光照,进而影响作物生长,诱使病害发生。如小麦抽穗时遇上3天以上大雾,就容易引起赤霉病。
(4)专家提醒说,雾对人体健康的危害有很大的隐蔽性。据测定,雾滴中含有各种酸、碱、盐、胺、酚、尘埃、病原微生物等有害物质的比例,比通常的大气水滴高出几十倍。人们如果在雾中锻炼或散步,随着活动量的增加呼吸会加深、加快,这样就会更多地吸收到雾中的有害物质,极易诱发或加重气管炎、咽喉炎、结膜炎等诸多疾病。所以,在有雾的天气里,人们应当停止一些户外活动,尤其是一些剧烈的运动。
(5)既然大雾能给人们带来危害,那么人们能不能消除迷雾呢?回答是肯定的,可以进行人工消雾。所谓人工消雾,就是指用人工影响的方式消除局部区域内的雾以提高能见度的行为。雾可分为雾区温度高于0℃的暖雾和低于0℃的过冷雾。目前一般有三种消暖雾的方法:一、加热法。对小范围雾区采取一定的措施,加热空气使雾滴蒸发而消失。二、吸湿法。播撒盐、尿素等吸湿物质作为催化剂,产生大量凝结核,水汽附着在凝结核上成为大水滴。三、人工搅动混合法。用直升飞机在雾区顶部缓慢飞行,把雾顶以上干燥空气驱赶下来与雾中空气混合,促使雾滴蒸发消失。
小题1:文章分四个层次介绍了“迷雾”,请分别用一个四字短语概括一、四层的内容。(2分)

 

 
雾的危害
 
 

 
小题2:第(1)(3)段中主要运用了哪几种说明方法?(至少举出三种)(3分)
小题3:第(2)段在说明雾的形成与消散过程中采用了什么说明顺序?(4分)
小题4:文章在说明雾的危害时,略写了对交通的影响,详写了对人的危害。这样处理详略的理由是什么?(4分)
小题5:下列句中划线的词语是怎样体现语言准确性的?(4分)
(1)在有雾的天气里,人们应适当停止一些户外活动,尤其是一些剧烈的运动。
(2)据测定,雾滴中含有各种酸、碱、盐、胺、酚、尘埃、病原微生物等有害物质的比例,比通常的大气水滴高出几十倍。
答案

小题1:什么是雾(雾的定义)  雾的消除(人工消雾)

小题1:下定义  分类别  举例子  列数字(答出其中三种即可)

小题1:时间顺序

小题1:雾对交通的影响是大家所熟悉的,故略写;雾对人的危害具有很大的“隐蔽性”,故详写。

小题1:(1)“适当”是既不要全部停止,也不能不加限制,从程度上体现了语言的准确性。(2)“据测定”说明后边的结论是确定的事实,从结论的来源上体现了语言的准确性。

小题1:本题考查梳理文章写作思路的能力。通读全文,仔细梳理即可。

小题1:本题考查辨别说明文说明方法的能力。结合说明方法对1、3两段的内容加以辨别即可。

小题1:本题考查说明文的说明顺序。说明文的说明顺序有:(1)时间顺序,(2)空间顺序,(3)逻辑顺序。本篇文章有明显的时间标志,所以采用的是时间顺序。

小题1:本题考查理解文章详略安排用意的能力。结合文章的内容加以解释即可。

小题1:本题考查说明文语言的特点。解答此题时一般方法:解释+分析+体现了语言的准确性。在分析效果时必须联系具体的语句。

填空题
阅读理解

信息匹配

        阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。

首先请阅读下列儿童读物的封面及基本信息:

                                                                              A

     Donald has lost his favorite toy lion and he's desperate to find it before bedtime. Mickey is on the

case to help his Clubhouse friend, and with the help of the reader and a few handy Mouse tools, the

bedtime mystery is solved.

                                                                             B

Merry Christmas!Welcome to the Mickey Mouse Clubhouse. Mickey, Donald, Daisy, Goofy and Pluto.

I'll tell two tales that teach valuable lessons about giving help. Join Mickey and Donald to the North Pole

to help Santa fix his broken sleigh.

                                                                              C

In this road story, Mickey and his Clubhouse friends find that every delay is not a bad thing when you're

on the road to learning. In this simple story, children can repeat words and phrases and gain confidence. 

                                                                              D        

     Curious George and the man visit the zoo. A hungry George snatches a pail of bananas from the zoo

keeper. Though he shouldn't have taken the bananas, George soon changes the zookeeper's shouts to

praise with his clever, helpful ways.

                                                                             E

     Curious George goes to a dog show and comes home with the winning dog. When George becomes

curious about how many dogs are in the apartment, he invents a clever way to find it out. This early

reader explores the concepts of counting and grouping.

                                                                             F      

     Curious George and the man with the yellow hat put the doggies in a group. Floppy dog, sloppy dog,

doggies eating lunch. Kids will love this lovely, colorful book, bursting with every kind of dog imaginable!

       以下是购书者对这些书籍的简要评论, 请把简要评论与封面及基本信息匹配起来.

     1. Curious George is interested in how many dogs are in the apartment while attending the show. He

enjoys meeting them so much that he wants to take them home. And he did, which was hardly imaginable.

     2. I bought this book for my son for Christmas as he loves the Mickey Mouse Clubhouse show and

he has already memorized the story of his favorite toy lion. He loves to "shout" for the lion and do a

monkey sound.

     3. This colorful early reading book uses repetitive words and short, simple phrases for your child to

learn. As Mickey Mouse and his friends take a long drive to the beach, they pass through a desert,

rainforest, and finally the beach itself.

     4. Words are easy to sound out, simple words that a fiveyear old boy can practice with. In addition,

he loves the dogs!  There are so many kinds. We have taken the book to the dog park. And he is excited

to read the names of the dogs.

     5. The book teaches kids that giving is more important than getting. It shows how Donald uses his

prized pennies to buy a gift and invites our kids to join Mickey and Donald as they journey to a faraway

place to help Santa.