问题
多项选择题 案例分析题
案例摘要：为了加强临床抗菌药物的合理应用，卫生部出台了《抗菌药物临床应用指导原则》。
下列有关β-内酰胺类药物的叙述中正确的是（）
A.第一代头孢菌素的特点是对需氧革兰阳性球菌作用强，肾毒性较小
B.头孢他啶是对铜绿假单胞菌作用最强的头孢菌素
C.第三代头孢菌素的特点是对革兰阴性杆菌作用较强，其口服制剂可用于治疗铜绿假单胞菌感染
D.头孢哌酮可引起戒酒硫样反应，用药期间应避免摄入含酒精饮料
E.β-内酰胺酶抑制剂克拉维酸等的抗菌活性很低，常与β-内酰胺类抗生素组成复方制剂
答案
参考答案：B, D, E
解析：
3.《指导原则》的“头孢菌素类抗生素”中有“第三代头孢菌素对肠杆菌科细菌等革兰阴性杆菌具有强大抗菌作用，头孢他啶和头孢哌酮除肠杆菌科细菌外对铜绿假单胞菌亦具高度抗菌活性；注射品种有头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮等，口服品种有头孢克肟和头孢泊肟酯等，口服品种对铜绿假单胞菌均无作用”。头孢他啶为第三代头孢菌素，抗菌谱和抗菌活性与头孢噻肟相似，对大多数革兰阳性菌和阴性菌均有杀菌作用。耐青霉素酶和β-内酰胺酶。其最大特点是对绿脓杆菌的抗菌活性特别强，优于目前临床使用的所有头孢菌素和广谱青霉素类抗生素。第一代头孢菌素不良反应的特点是肾毒性较大。
little excited. As the day of the party came near, Merlin began to think how to make a grand entrance at the party. He had an idea. He thought he would get a lot of attention if he could skate into the room.
y proud of his invention and dreamed of arriving at the party on wheels while playing the violin.
in rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly, he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!