问题 探究题

近代中国面临着严重的民族危机,无数仁人志士都在探索救国救民的出路。中国近代化的探索过程中发生了哪四件重大的历史事件?它们为探索中国近代化作出了哪些贡献?

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答案

洋务运动:没有使中国富强起来,但它引进了西方先进的科学技术,客观上促进了中国资本主义的发展,推动了中国近代化的进程。

戊戌变法:在社会上起了思想启蒙的作用。

辛亥革命:结束了中国两千多年的封建帝制,使民主、共和的观念日益深入人心。

新文化运动:激发了广大青年追求新思想的热情,促使人们冲破封建思想的罗网,探索救国救民的新出路,在中国近代历史上掀起了一场思想解放的风暴。

单项选择题
单项选择题

When Dr. John W. Gofman, professor of medical physics at the University of California and a leading nuclear critic, speaks of "ecocide" in his adversary view of nuclear technology, he means the following. A large nuclear plant like that in Kalkar, the Netherlands, would produce about 200 pounds of plutonium each year. One pound, released into the atmosphere, could cause 9 billion cases of lung cancer. This waste product must be stored for 500,000 years before it is of no further danger to man. In the anticipated reactor economy, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 tons of this material in Western Europe, of which one table-spoonful of plutonium-239 represents the official maximum permissible body burden for 200,000 people. Rather than being biodegradable, plutonium destroys biological properties.

In 1972 the .U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration ruled that the asbestos level in the work place should be lowered to 2 fibers per cubic centimeter of air, but the effective date of the ruling has been delayed until now. The International Federation of Chemical and General Workers’ Unions report that the 2-fiber standard was based primarily on one study of 290 men at a British asbestos factory. But when the workers at the British factory had been reexamined by another physician, 40--70 percent had X-ray evidence of lung abnormalities. According to present medical information at the factory in question, out of a total of 29 deaths thus far, seven were caused by lung cancer. An average European or American worker comes into contact with six million fibers a day. "We are now, in fact, finding cancer deaths within the family of the asbestos worker," states Dr. Irving Selikoff, of the Mount Sinai Medical School in New York.

It is now also clear that vinyl chloride, a gas from which the most widely used plastics are made, causes a fatal cancer of the blood-vessel cells of the liver. However, the history of the research on vinyl chloride is, in some ways, more disturbing than the "Watergate cover- up. " "There has been evidence of potentially serious disease among polyvinyl chloride workers for 25 years that has been incompletely appreciated and inadequately approached by medical scientists and by regulatory authorities," summed up Dr. Selikoff in the New Scientist. At least 17 workers have been killed by vinyl chloride because research over the past 25 years was not followed up. And for over 10 years, workers have been exposed to concentrations of vinyl chloride 10 times the "safe limit" imposed by Dow Chemical Company.

By "ecocide" the author most probably means()

A. waste utilization

B. ecological balance

C. radioactive reaction

D. massive bio-destruction