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问题 选择题

梁启超认为近代历史学家与传统史学家的区别之一在于“求得其（历史事实）因果关系”。下列历史事件之间的关系不符合这一要求的是[ ]

A．《马关条约》的签订→公车上书

B．巴黎和会→五四运动

C．启蒙运动→洋务运动

D．雅尔塔会议→联合国建立

答案

答案：C

单项选择题

Questions 61-70 are based on the following passage.


While some international couriers are showing signs of exhaustion, EMS (Express Mail Service), the generic name for the courier services of post offices, seems to be finding its stride. Known as Datapost in Britain, as Chronopost in France, and as A1-Barid al-Mumtaz in Saudi Arabia, EMS is now second in the international courier business (jointly with TNT Skypack). Last year it delivered 5.6 million items, weighing less than 20 kilograms each, across borders. That and its annual growth rate of around 5 percent have worried DHL, the market leader, enough for it to counter-attack in the Courts.
On October 26, a Dutch judge ruled against DHL on all three counts filed against the Dutch post office: that the three-initial name was too close to DHL’s; that the orange lines in the EMS logo were too similar to DHL’s dark red ones; and that the claim to the widest route system in the world was unfounded. DHL has threatened the Swiss post office with similar action, but it may reconsider after the Dutch ruling.
EMS has some advantages over the private couriers. One is a dense ready-made network of offices, especially in Europe, the avowed target area of the private couriers. Another advantage is a long tradition of working with customs authorities. In a business where minutes count, it pays to have good friends at customs. That advantage particularly irritates the private couriers because there is no legal way to combat such unquantifiable coziness.
The private courier services are also annoyed because in countries like Switzerland and Italy, where the post office is officially a monopoly, they pay it a fee. In Switzerland DHL says it pays more than SFr lm ($ 708,000) "to the competition" each year. In France the couriers have won a battle for exoneration.
Although governments are under little pressure to keep prices artificially low, EMS is often cheaper than the private couriers, but not always. A recent test in Britain (on a domestic route) showed Datapost about halfway between the least and the most expensive, but gave it full marks for speed and service.
Each national EMS is free to set its rates and follow its own rules on things like bulk discounts. The Universal Postal Union, based in Berne, determines how costs and revenues are split between sending and receiving countries, and standardizes procedures. More than 100 postal administrations have linked into the system—and more are coming, including Russia’s. That makes the feisty EMS particularly happy since its rivals have not been allowed to serve anywhere in Russia.

All the following factors are given as reasons for the annoyance of the private courier services EXCEPT ______.

A. lack of relations at customs
B. the monopoly of the post office
C. no network of offices

D. the shortage of workers
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问答题 案例分析题

背景

某办公大楼工程，地下为3层，地上20层。裙房4层，檐高27m，报告厅混凝土结构局部层高8m，演艺厅钢结构层高8m。框架一剪力墙结构，基础埋深12m。某施工总承包单位中标后成立了项目部组织施工。施工过程中发生了如下事件：

事件一：项目部编制了《安全生产管理措施》。其中对混凝土工程施工安全隐患的主要表现形式进行了分析，归纳为模板支撑架体地基、基础下沉；模板架体的杆件间距或步距过大；模板架体未按规定设置斜杆、剪刀撑和扫地杆；模板构架的节点构造和连接的紧固程度不符合要求；混凝土浇筑高处作业安全防护设施不到位；混凝土浇筑机械设备的安装、使用不符合安全要求。监理工程师认为分析不全。

事件二：项目部编制了《安全生产管理措施》。其中混凝土工程施工安全控制的主要内容是模板支撑系统设计；模板支拆施工安全；钢筋加工及绑扎、安装作业安全；混凝土浇筑高处作业安全。监理工程师认为不全。

事件三：项目部编制了《安全生产管理措施》。其中对高处作业安全隐患的主要表现形式进行了分析，归纳为作业人员不正确佩戴安全帽，在无可靠安全防护措施的情况下不按规定系挂安全带；作业人员患有不适宜高处作业的疾病；各种形式的临边无防护或防护不严密；各种类型的洞口无防护或防护不严密；设备、管道安装、临空构筑物模板支设、钢筋绑扎、安装钢筋骨架、框架、过梁、雨篷、 * * 台混凝土浇筑等作业无操作架，操作架搭设不稳固，防护不严密。监理工程师认为分析不全。

事件四：项目部编制了《安全生产管理措施》。其中高处作业安全控制的主要内容是：临边作业安全；洞口作业安全；攀登与悬空作业安全。监理工程师认为不全。

事件五：项目部编制了《临边作业防范措施》。其中规定必须设置防护栏杆的临边部位有基坑周边、尚未安装栏杆或栏板的阳台、料台与悬挑平台周边、雨篷与挑檐边、无外脚手的屋面与楼层周边。监理工程师认为分析不全。

事件三中，高处作业安全控制的主要内容还应包括哪些？
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