问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读《黄岩岛:中国南海中的一颗明珠》一文,完成小题。(10分)

①黄岩岛(曾用名:民主礁),位于北纬15°07′东经117°51′,从地质构造上看,黄岩岛是中国大陆架的自然延伸,也是中国中沙群岛中惟一露出水面的岛礁,距中沙环礁约160海里。黄岩岛四周为距水面0.5米到3米之间的环形礁盘,礁盘周缘长55公里,面积150平方公里,礁盘外形呈等腰直角三角形,其内部形成一个面积为130平方公里、水深为10-20米的潟湖。潟湖的东南端有一个宽400米的通道与外海相连,这样的地形地貌有利于中型渔船和小型舰艇进入,是极好的渔场和避风之处。退潮时,站在澙湖口,最多可以看见上百块礁石露出水面,它们多以土黄颜色为主,偶有黑色———也许,这就是“黄岩岛”名称的来历。

②每年四、五月和十、十一月,风平浪静的海水清澈、浅兰、透明,水底彩色珊瑚在明朗的阳光下清晰可见,突起的礁盘四周形成了一道看不见的环型水下屏障,海水冲击向上翻腾,拍出一线延绵十公里的白浪,十分美丽。对于在南海进行渔业作业的中国渔民来讲,此时的黄岩岛是深海渔业捕捞的重要渔场。从潭门镇出发,将航向调到东南110度,3天3夜后可到达黄岩岛,这是“琼琼海08068”号渔船船长许卫再熟悉不过的路线。他是地道的潭门镇人,16岁开始出海捕鱼,每年2至6月和9至12月,他都要去黄岩岛,这是当地多少年来的传统捕鱼地点之一。去黄岩岛的渔民中,90%都是潭门人。说起黄岩岛,许卫胸脯一挺,骄傲地说:“那当然是我们的。”

③由于黄岩岛周边没有避风的场所,每年台风季节,100多吨重的渔船都不敢前去捕鱼。鱼类有了几个月的喘息期,长得又大又好,数量繁多。只要台风季节一过,渔船立刻启程前往。平时出一次海去南沙,得花个1个月至45天的时间才能满舱返航;而台风季节过后去黄岩岛,十几天就能满载而归,赚个盆满钵满,几十公斤重的大鱼一条能卖一两千元。返航休整没几天,渔船就又出发了。

④据史料记载,1279年,元代著名天文学家郭守敬奉旨进行“四海测验”,在南海的测量点就在黄岩岛。这说明,至少在元朝中国就已发现了黄岩岛。1935年1月,中国政府由内政部、外交部、海军部和教育部等官方机构派员组成的水陆地区审查委员会公布的南海诸岛132个岛礁沙滩中,黄岩岛以斯卡巴罗礁之名,并作为中沙群岛的一部分列入了中国版图。1947年10月,民国政府核定和公布的南海诸岛新旧名称对照表中,将斯卡巴罗礁改成为民主礁,列在中沙群岛范围内。1983年中国地名委员会授权对外公布“我国南海诸岛部分地名”时,将黄岩岛作为标准名称,同时以民主礁为副名。中国历代政府出版的官方地图均将黄岩岛标为中国领土,黄岩岛一直不间断地在中国广东省、海南省的管辖下。中国政府关于南海诸岛主权公告和声明中均指出黄岩岛领土主权属于中国,中国国家统计局、国家地震局、国家海洋局等多次对黄岩岛及附近水域进行科学考察。上世纪90年代以前,国际社会对中国拥有黄岩岛主权从未提出任何异议,不存在对该岛的主权之争。

小题1:请说说第④段中“据史料记载”能否删去?为什么?(3分)

小题2:简要说说第③段中画线句子的表达作用。(4分)

小题3:本文是从哪几个方面介绍黄岩岛的,请根据文章内容加以概括。(3分)

答案

小题1:不能。“据史料记载”,说明黄岩岛自古以来是中国的领土是确凿的,有据可查的,这样使说明的内容更具体权威性,更具说服力,更准确。

小题1:采用了列数字、作比较的说明方法,通过列举具体的数字,把去黄岩岛捕鱼和去南沙捕鱼进行比较,说明了黄岩岛是深海渔业捕捞的重要渔场。

小题1:⑴黄岩岛的地理位置、地质构造(或地形地貌)。⑵黄岩岛是中国南海的传统的、重要的渔场。⑶黄岩岛自古以来就是中国的领土。

小题1:本题考查说明文语言的准确性。一般方法为:表态+解释+分析效果+体现了说明文语言的准确性。

小题1:本题考查说明文的说明方法以及表达效果。一般方法为:说明方法+说明对象的特征。

小题1:本题考查概括文章内容的能力。结合文章的内容来概括即可。

选择题
阅读理解

Eddie McKay, a once-forgotten pilot, is a subject of great interest to a group of history students in Canada.

It all started when Graham Broad, a professor at the University of Western Ontario, found McKay’s name in a footnote in a book about university history. McKay was included in a list of university alumni (校友) who had served during the First World War, but his name was unfamiliar to Broad, a specialist in military history. Out of curiosity, Broad spent hours at the local archives (档案馆) in a fruitless search for information on McKay. Tired and discouraged, he finally gave up. On his way out, Broad’s glance happened to fall on an exhibiting case showing some old newspapers. His eye was drawn to an old picture of a young man in a rugby uniform. As he read the words beside the picture, he experienced a thrilling realization. “After looking for him all day, there he was, staring up at me out of the exhibiting case,” said Broad. Excited by the find, Broad asked his students to continue his search. They combed old newspapers and other materials for clues. Gradually, a picture came into view.

Captain Alfred Edwin McKay joined the British Royal Flying Corps in 1916. He downed ten enemy planes, outlived his entire squadron (中队) as a WWI flyer, spent some time as a flying instructor in England, then returned to the front, where he was eventually shot down over Belgium and killed in December 1917. But there’s more to his story. “For a brief time in 1916 he was probably the most famous pilot in the world,” says Broad. “He was credited with downing Oswald Boelcke, the most famous German pilot at the time.” Yet, in a letter home, McKay refused to take credit, saying that Boelcke had actually crashed into another German plane.

McKay’s war records were destroyed during a World War II air bombing on London — an explanation for why he was all but forgotten.

But now, thanks to the efforts of Broad and his students, a marker in McKay’s memory was placed on the university grounds in November 2007. “I found my eyes filling with tears as I read the word ‘deceased’ (阵亡) next to his name,” said Corey Everrett, a student who found a picture of Mckay in his uniform. “This was such a simple example of the fact that he had been a student just like us, but instead of finishing his time at Western, he chose to fight and die for his country.”

小题1:What made Professor Broad continue his search for more information on McKay?

A.A uniform of McKay.

B.A footnote about McKay.

C.A book on McKay.

D.A picture of McKay.小题2:What did the students find out about McKay?

A.He trained pilots for some time.

B.He lived longer than other pilots.

C.He died in the Second World War.

D.He was downed by the pilot Boelcke.小题3:McKay’s flying documents were destroyed in      .

A.Belgium

B.Germany

C.Canada

D.England小题4:We can learn from the last paragraph that McKay     .

A.preferred fight to his study

B.went to war before graduation

C.left a picture for Corey Everrett

D.set an example for his fellow students小题5:What is the text mainly about?

A.The research into war history.

B.The finding of a forgotten hero.

C.The pilots of the two world wars.

D.The importance of military studies.