问题 阅读理解与欣赏

(12分)冷冻疗法挽救生命

①登山或潜水运动员都深知寒冷给身体带来的危害。然而,作为一种医学治疗手段,降低体温可以减少心脏病患者在接受使用体外循环机进行的手术时造成脑部后遗症的风险。

②伴随心脏问题产生的是由于缺氧而造成的大脑损伤。缺氧5分钟就会给大脑带来不可挽回的破坏,10分钟即可造成神经死亡。美国心脏学会建议,在手术中有控制地降低体温以减少脑部损伤。这种疗法的关键在于循序渐进地把体温降至35摄氏度以下。因为体温每降1摄氏度,氧气的消耗量就会降低5%—8%。西班牙马德里心脏外科主任恩里克·罗德里格斯指出:“在所有使用体外循环机的外科手术中,我们都会用到适中的降低体温的做法,也就是说,降至28摄氏度至31摄氏度之间,以避免在出现危险时给大脑造成损伤。”

③此外,冷冻疗法可以延长手术的安全时间。例如在成人主动脉切断或儿童先天性心脏病的手术治疗中,需要完全中断血液循环。为此需要把患者的身体冷冻起来,使接近冬眠状态。当体温降至16摄氏度时,安全时间为40分钟至60分钟。心脏外科助理医师卡洛斯·莫拉莱斯指出:“体温降得越低,我们进行安全手术的时间就越充裕,成功的几率也更大。”

④但是,控制体沮的同时,也蕴含着一定的风险。冷冻疗法最困难的一个环节是手术后如何使体温回升。按照一般规则,如果身体被冷冻30分钟,那么手术后的恢复时间就将增加一倍。负责将血液重新灌注到血管当中的医师需要在短时间内迅速地使患者体温回升。如果体温在28摄氏度以下,那么产生心室纤维性颤动的风险就会很高。恩里克·罗德里格斯说:“尽管这些威胁依然存在,但是目前医学界使用冷冻疗法遇到的最大问题是可能出现的大脑水肿和血凝紊乱,因为低温破坏了血液蛋白。”重症监护室中的最大难题通常是通常是痉挛和寒热增加的氧气消耗,以及患者免疫系统的改变。因此专家建议给接受了冷冻疗法的患者实施镇静辅助治疗,使用抗生素,特别是在冷冻时间长达几天的情况下。

小题1:下列对文章内容的理解,不正确的一项是        (   )(3分)

A.手术中,有控制地将体温降低到适中的温度,可以减少心脏病患者的脑部损伤。

B.体温降得越低,进行安全手术的时间就越充裕,手术成功的可能性也就越大。

C.使用冷冻疗法,术后体温恢复的时间较长,产生心室纤维颤动的风险很高。

D.目前,低温对血液蛋白的破坏是医学界使用冷冻疗法遇到的最大问题。小题2:文章②③两段分别是从哪两个方面介绍冷冻疗法的用途的?(2分)

小题3:是否可以将第④段调整到②③两段之前?为什么?(3分)

小题4:作为一种医学治疗的冷冻疗法,读了《冷冻疗法挽救生命 》之后,你认为此疗法对降低体温有什么作用 ?冷冻疗法可以大规模普及与运用吗? (4分)

答案

小题1:C

小题1:可以减少因为脑部缺氧而造成的大脑损伤;可以延长手术安全时间。(2分。减少大脑损伤1分,延长手术安全时间1分。意思对即可)

小题1:不可以。因为②③两段说的是使用冷冻疗法的用途,第④段说的是使用冷冻疗法,控制体温的同时所蕴含的风险,②③两段与第④段在顺序上具有逻辑关系。如果调 整顺序,就显得逻辑混乱。(3分。不可以1分,逻辑关系分析2分,意思对即可)

小题1:作用(2分):体温下降,血管收缩,减慢血流速度,使身体处于一种半休眠状态,降低自身能量的消耗。第二问(2分)其实不太可能,因为0度以下一些水合蛋白就会变构,几乎不存在冰封后复原的可能。(言之成理即可)

小题1:本题考查学生分析文章内容的能力。根据“使用冷冻疗法,如果体温在28摄氏度以下,那么产生心室纤维性颤动的风险就会很高”来分析。

小题1:本题考查学生概括文章内容的能力。围绕“冷冻疗法”的好处来概括即可。

小题1:本题考查学生分析文章内容的能力。②③与④存在逻辑关系,所以不能颠倒。

小题1:本题是一道综合题。根据文章的第4段的内容进行概括分析。

填空题

How many of us would temp for three years while we waited for the perfect job Not many of us, perhaps. But Wentworth Miller, the "Prison Break" star, said he chose to wait even longer time (1) he found the right job.
"Actually I think it might have been three or four years until I was lucky enough to get guest (2) on TV shows," said Miller, 34, who rose to international stardom (3) to "Prison Break" in 2006. That kind of patience and p will was portrayed in "Prison Break". Miller (4) engineering wizard Michael Scofield, who tries everything to break out of a Chicago (5) with his brother. Miller said he was fond of his character, (6) he said "exists in shades of grey".
Miller comes from a (7) of teachers. He said he didn’t seem fated for a career in the arts, (8) his passion for acting. After (9) from Princeton with an English degree, he moved (10) his parents’ request to Los Angeles to look for a stable life. He started (11) in a little company that made television movies. This (12) simply faxing, filing, walking the boss’ dog and going to the store for the boss’ lunch. Every weekend during the summer, Miller (13) go to the office (14) he didn’t have air-conditioning. "I would hang (15) in the conference room and set up camp and rob the company kitchen," recalled Miller.
(16) , Miller realized he still had questions about his choice. He decided to quit. But the boss said he was making a mistake and offered him a well-paid assistant position. "I eventually (17) that if I did the corporate job, it would be great if I was successful, but I would always wonder about the (18) . If I did the acting and was successful, I would never wonder (19) that job," he explained. He quit and temped (20) many people in the entertainment industry.
Now, he’s a hot star and has people coming up to him at film festivals saying, "Weren’t you the one who (21) to stand by the copy machine "
"That was tough, but I’m glad I have that perspective. Because now I’m at a point (22) big shots laugh at all my jokes and I think, You know, I got coffee for people like you for six years’. So I know what’s (23) , because I’ve seen the other side." But what if, when he was offered the corporate job, there had been more money "It was never about the (24) There’s a kind of excitement that comes along with acting. I can’t find it anywhere else. Even if I had to go back to temping, even if this is not the beginning of an amazing career, I would not (25) making that jum
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