问题 阅读理解与欣赏

硬盘的选择

⑴随着电脑的普及,人们对它的依赖越来越显著,很多文字资料、照片、视频文件都存放在电脑里,而作为存储介质的硬盘,其重要性就不言而喻了。传统机械硬盘由于读写速度慢、功耗大等缺点而被人们所诟病,固态硬盘的出现让人们看到了硬盘的发展方向。

 ⑵固态硬盘(Solid State Disk,简称SSD)由控制单元和存储单元组成。控制单元负责读取、写入数据,存储单元负责存储数据。固态硬盘按存储介质可以分为两种:一种是采用闪存(Flash芯片)作为存储介质,另外一种是采用DRAM(动态随机存储器)作为存储介质。前者的优点是可以移动,而且数据保护不受电源控制,能适应于各种环境,但是存储单元有写入次数限制,因此使用寿命有限,适合于个人用户使用。后者应用范围很窄,是一种高性能的存储器,使用寿命很长,但是需要独立电源来保护数据安全。

⑶固态硬盘相对机械硬盘的最显著优势就是读写速度快。固态硬盘可以在低于一毫秒的时间内对任意位置的存储单元完成I/O(输入/输出,也可以理解为读写)操作,在衡量磁盘性能的主要指标IOPS (即每秒的输入输出量或读写次数)上,固态硬盘可以达到机械硬盘的几十甚至上千倍。日常生活中,我们使用电脑时通常会同时运行多个程序,如聊天软件、网页浏览、文件下载等,无论是在不同程序之间切换,或者是新开启某个程序,或者只是打开一个文件夹,固态硬盘都会体现出速度快的优势。

⑷此外,固态硬盘还有低功耗、无噪音、低热量、体积小、工作温度范围大等优点。而且由于内部不存在任何机械活动部件,因此固态硬盘不会发生机械故障,也不怕碰撞、冲击、震动,具备相当高的数据安全性。基于以上优点,固态硬盘在航空航天、军事、视频监控、金融、医疗等领域中都有广泛的应用。但它也有缺点:第一,固态硬盘成本高,价格通常是机械硬盘的5-10倍;第二,存贮容量较小,目前,固态硬盘的最大容量也远远低于机械硬盘。

⑸在这种情况下,又有生产商开发出混合硬盘。混合硬盘是处于机械硬盘和固态硬盘中间的一种解决方案,是把磁性硬盘和闪存集成到一起的一种硬盘,即在机械硬盘的基础上,加上了大容量的缓存(闪存芯片),以提高硬盘性能。与机械硬盘相比,混合硬盘大幅度提高了性能,成本上升又不太大,而与固态硬盘相比,它又具有机械硬盘的大容量。

⑹混合硬盘的原理和Windows7中的ReadyBoost功能相似,两者都是通过增加高速闪存来进行资料预读取,以减少从硬盘读取资料的次数,从而提高性能。不同的是米混合硬盘是将闪存模块直接整合到硬盘上,在对数据进行第一次读写时,性能和机械硬盘完全一样,但第二次读写时,因为数据完全在缓存里进行存取,速度就和固态硬盘一样了。而且,当缓存中存储的数据量已经比较大,不再需要磁盘进行频繁读写时,混合磁盘会将磁盘转入休眠状态,在这种情况下,混合硬盘的功耗和固态硬盘几乎一致。

⑺如果你希望磁盘容量大、价格低廉,那么,机械硬盘仍然是你的不二之选;如果你对使用体验要求较高,又不在乎价格,那么你可以尝试固态硬盘;如果你的容量和使用体验都有要求,那么混合硬盘可以满足你。

(选自《百科知识》2012年第5期)

小题1:指出下列句子中划线字所指代的内容:(4分)

(1)前者的优点是可以移动,而且数据保护不受电源控制,能适应于各种环境。

(2)在这种情况下,混合硬盘的功耗和固态硬盘几乎一致。

小题2:指出文中第三段划线句所运用的说明手法及其在文中的作用。(3分)

小题3:结合文意,请你用简洁的语言概括一下混合硬盘的工作原理。(4分)

小题4:相比较与机械硬盘,固态硬盘有那些优点?(3分)

答案

小题1:(1)采用闪存作为存储介质的的固态硬盘。(2分)

(2)缓存中存储的数据量比较大,不再需要磁盘进行频繁读写,混合磁盘将磁盘转入休眠状态(2分)

小题1:作比较、列数字,突出了固态硬盘相对于机械硬盘的最显著优势就是读写速度快。(3分)

小题1:通过高速闪存第一次将闪存模块直接整合到硬盘上读取,以后数据完全在缓存里进行存取,少从硬盘读取资料的次数,提高性能,读写速度快,功耗小。(4分)

小题1:(1)读写速度快;(2)低功耗、无噪音、低热量、体积小、工作温度范围大;(3)具备相当高的数据安全性。(3分,第二点必须写全)

小题1:从原文中找出指代性词语指代的内容,能够结合上下文来进行理解,要求意思正确,文句通顺。

小题1:了解常见的说明方法,并理解每一种说明方法的作用。作答时要结合语境具体回答。此处使用作比较、列数字的说明方法,有突出了固态硬盘相对于机械硬盘的最显著优势就是读写速度快作用。

小题1:阅读科技说明文文本,因其文体科学性和准确性的特点,学生应学会用原文的内容来理解问题,做题时,学会从原文中找出相应答案。表述原理应符合逻辑顺序。

小题1:了解文本内容,明确本文说明对象及其特征,依次说明本文说明对象固态硬盘的优点特征即可。

阅读理解

Vienna——In spite of Iraq’s decision to stop oil deliveries, the 11- nation Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)will not increase production to make up the shortfall, ministers decided Tuesday in Vienna.

The 11 oil ministers decided to meet again on July 3 to discuss the effects of the Iraq temporary stop. The organization’s president, Charkid Kheria of Algeria, said after the meeting that stocks were high and prices were stable, so quota increases were not necessary.

The E.U. Commission has expressed concern about Iraq’s output stop. A speaker said OPEC had to take all possible measures to keep or lower the oil price.

Saudi Arabia’s Oil Minister Ali Al-Nuaimi had earlier said there would not be any shortfall of oil in the market. The organization had already taken steps to fill the gap, he said. OPEC Secretary General Ali Rodriguez added that the period of Iraq’s output stop was not known, so other exporters were not going to lift quotas yet. If the market was destabilized(使……动摇), a suitable response could be made.

Iraq on Monday stopped shipments of crude oil to protest against the U.N. Security Council’s decision to extend the oil-for-food programme by only a month, instead of the normal six-month renewal. Just before the Vienna meeting, oil prices had gone up, with a barrel of OPEC crude oil selling for 27.05 dollars, up from 26.81 dollars last Friday. North sea oil was at 29.26 dollars Monday evening.

OPEC wants the oil price to stay within a margin of 22 to 28 dollars and achieved that with cuts in January and March that reduced 2.5 million barrels per day off quotas(配额).

56. Iraq made the decision to stop oil deliveries because ___________.

A. oil price is too low in international market.

B. The U.N. Secretary Council has decided to shorten the time of extension of the oil-for-food programme

C. Many oil wells were destroyed during the war in the late 1980s

D. It couldn’t get enough money to develop its economy

57. The attitude the E.U. Commission took towards Iraq’s output stop is ________.

A. active           B. concerned                  C. cold             D. surprised

58. The underlined words“The organization”here refers to ________.

A. OPEC        B. the E.U. Commission          C. Vienna        D. WTO

59. The main idea of the passage is ________.

A. the oil prices in the world were stable though Iraq has stopped oil deliveries

B. OPEC has controlled the oil price to stay within a margin of 22 to 28 dollars

C. OPEC will not increase oil production to make up the shortfall that caused by Iraq

D. Oil is connected with people’s daily life

60. The 11 oil ministers decided to meet on July 3 so that _________.

A. they can persuade Iraq to continue oil production

B. they can have a talk with the U.N. Security Council

C. they can have a discussion about the effects of Iraq’s temporary output stop

D. they can make up their minds to increase oil production

单项选择题