问题 配伍题 B型题

系膜区有IgA及C3沉积()
肾基底膜厚,有钉突()
肾小球内有白金耳()
肾小管坏死()

A.膜性肾病

B.狼疮肾

C.IgA肾病

D.肾盂肾炎

E.急性肾衰竭

答案

参考答案:C,A,B,E

解析:1.在休克、创伤所致肾衰竭早期,肾小球多无改变,近曲小管有空泡变性,小管上皮细胞纤毛脱落,重者可出现肾小管细胞坏死,坏死区周围有炎性细胞浸润,远曲小管及集合管管腔扩张,管腔中有管型。3.狼疮性肾炎的肾病理改变的主要特征表现为:"铁丝圈"病损:由于内皮沉积物而使基底膜增厚,电镜和免疫荧光检查有大量的内皮下沉积物,是系统性红斑狼疮肾损害的重要特征。4.膜性肾病是以肾小球基底膜上皮细胞下弥漫的免疫复合物沉着伴基底膜弥漫增厚为特点的肾脏疾病,临床呈肾病综合征或无症状性蛋白尿。

选择题
单项选择题 案例分析题

From childhood to old age, we all use language as a means of broadening our knowledge of ourselves and the world about us. When humans first 1 , they were like newborn children, unable to use this 2 tool. Yet once language developed, the possibilities for human kind’s future 3 and cultural growth increased.

Many linguists believe that evolution is 4 for our ability to produce and use language. They 5 that our highly evolved brain provides us 6 an innate language ability not found in lower 7 . Proponents of this innateness theory say that our 8 for language is inborn, but that language itself develops gradually, 9 a function of the growth of the brain during childhood. Therefore there are critical 10 times for language development.

Current 11 of innateness theory are mixed, however, evidence supporting the existence of some innate abilities is undeniable. 12 , more and more schools are discovering that foreign languages are best taught in 13 grades. Young children often can learn several languages by being 14 to them, while adults have a much harder time learning another language once the 15 of their first language have become firmly fixed.

16 some aspects of language are undeniably innate, language does not develop automatically in a vacuum. Children who have been 17 from other human beings do not possess language. This demonstrates that 18 with other human beings is necessary for proper language development. Some linguists believe that this is even more basic to human language 19 than any innate capacities. These theorists view language as imitative, learned behavior. 20 , children learn language from their parents by imitating them. Parents gradually shape their child's language skills by positively reinforcing precise imitations and negatively reinforcing imprecise ones.

请在18处填上正确答案()

A.exposition

B.comparison

C.contrast

D.interaction