问题 单项选择题

患者心力衰竭症状加重而发生水钠潴留时,应选用的利尿剂是()

A.卡维地洛

B.氢氯噻嗪

C.呋塞米

D.比索洛尔

E.地高辛

答案

参考答案:C

解析:本题考查抗心力衰竭药的治疗监护。常用利尿剂有袢利尿剂和噻嗪类两种。袢利尿剂增加尿钠排泄和游离水清除的作用较强。作用于肾远曲小管的噻嗪类上述作用则较弱,且在中度肾功能损害时将失效。因此,袢利尿剂如呋塞米或托拉塞米是多数心力衰竭患者的首选药,适用于有明显液体潴留或伴肾功能受损的患者,呋塞米的剂量与效应呈线性关系,故剂量不受限制。噻嗪类仅适用于有轻度液体潴留、伴有高血压而肾功能正常的心力衰竭患者。

阅读理解

阅读下面的短文,请根据文后的要求答题(请注意问题后的词数要求)

[1] Teens need independence, but how do you make sure they are safe? It’s tough to decide when to give your teen more freedom. One parent’s decision for his or her teen may not be right for other parents and their teens. Although every child is different, there are many experiences common to the teenage years. The most common may be the pull and push between dependence and independence.

[2] Many teens are putting themselves at risk for committing(从事) acts of violence and other crimes. No wonder so many parents are concerned, even frightened; no wonder so many try to control the behavior of their teenage children. So, it is important for parents to make rules for their young children.

[3] However, as children get older, they need to learn to make some of their own decisions and life choices. Teens need the chance to practice good decision-making skills, and to manage new life experiences. Parents need to try their best to support their children.

[4] Respect is a two-way street but it starts with you, which means that you should give your teens the respect that you would like to be given. Give them praise for their knowledge and abilities; pay attention to and listen to them. That means showing confidence in your teens, and being supportive. Parents should believe in your teens; set high standards for them, encourage them, expect them to achieve their goals, and provide consistent(一贯的;始终如一的)love and support —including practical help—so they can achieve the promise that lies within them.

[5] Teens are learning to take care of themselves as they prepare for adulthood. That’s what growing up is all about. Give them and appropriate(适当的) amount of freedom and independence. Encourage and promote responsibility and good decision—offering support and gentle help with difficult decisions. Let your teens know they will be given _________________ as they show increasingly responsible behavior.

小题1:Who is this passage most probably written for? (no more than 5 words)

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小题2:What’s the common experience of the teenagers? (no more than 10 words)

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小题3:Why should parents attempt to make rules for their children?

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小题4:Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words (no more than 5 words)

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小题5:What are the fourth and fifth paragraphs mainly about? (no more than 10 words)

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实验题