问题 综合题

材料一:五千年中华文明成就辉煌,但在一定的条件下,也会成为中国向前发展的包袱,先民修筑了万里长城,抵御了北方游牧民族的侵扰,但也限制了自己的视野和对外交往。先民开凿了大运河,沟通了中国南北,但这对于封建统治者来说,主要是为了加强中央集权,满足了专制者游玩需要。运河往来最多的是官吏们的游船和运送皇粮的漕船。中国拥有“四大发明”,这固然是中 * * 的奇迹和骄傲,但是罗盘针可以看风水亦可导航;火药可以制造喜庆的鞭炮亦可制造杀人的武器,更为关键的似乎是文化的取向。中国有远航,郑和下西洋早在哥伦布诞生之前,但主要的目的不在于开辟国际贸易,对于商品经济的发展和提高生产力,没有显而易见的深远的促进作用。

材料二:中国数千年的文明史,古圣贤的道德、教诲,祖宗制度的成法,是古代辉煌的象征,同时也是进取的阻力。立论,言必称三代;著文,开篇子曰诗云;行事,祖宗成法不可更改。因循守旧,不思变革,是我们伟大民族的另一种色彩。

材料三:美国著名的历史学家费正清曾说过:“导致中国落后的一个原因恰恰就是中国的文明在近代以前已经取得的成就本身。”                                                

——以上材料均摘自《中西对比500年》

回答:根据以上材料,概括归纳中华文明的显著特征,并结合明清有关历史谈谈你对材料中费正清观点的理解。(12分)

答案

特征:一方面创造了辉煌的成就,另一方面这些成就束缚了中 * * 继续发屐。(4分)

理解:中国在传统农业文明方面取得了巨大成就,但当代世界由传统农业文明向工业文明过渡,由自然经济向商品经济过渡,由专制社会向民主社会过渡时,中国一套专制统治思想和完备的专制制度就成为中国变革的阻力。(9分)

本题考查点一方面是学生对所给材料的信息理解,注重从材料中提炼有效信息的能力,利用材料一与材料二中信息:如“五千年中华文明成就辉煌,但在一定的条件下,也会成为中国向前发展的包袱,”可以概括出中华文明的显著特征。另一方面是考查学生对明清历史的掌握情况,并从中找出中国近代落后的原因,理解观点时注意将明清时期社会现状与同时期西方社会进行对比,从而得出结论。

单项选择题
阅读理解

 

E

Dear Sir/Madam,

I read Alison Burnham’s review of When We were 12, and I do not agree with her. I thought the programme was wonderful — I found the old news pictures really interesting — they helped to bring to life the stories the people were telling.

The programme reminds me of many things from my own childhood. For example, one day when I was about five, I was going to school on the bus by myself (this was the late 1960s). My mother had given me exactly the right money for a return ticket. I held out my hand with the money in it — one big coin on top of one little coin. The bus conductor took the big top coin only and she gave me a ticket, but it was a pink one for a single journey. I needed a white one for a return journey, but I was too frightened to say anything. When school finished for the day, I couldn’t catch the bus home — I had to walk. As a grown-up, whenever I’ve been in a situation where I need to say something or take some action, this early memory of my bus ride comes back to me, and I’m able to take control of the situation.

I would like to say to the director, Bret Chrysler, carry on making this kind of programme. Too much TV these days is quiz shows and so-called “reality programmes”. I appreciate the human story that can make me laugh and cry.

Chris Daniels

72. What is Chris Daniels’ purpose of writing this letter?

A. To persuade Bret Chrysler to turn away from quiz shows.

B. To entertain other readers with old news pictures.

C. To express his appreciation of the programme.

D. To have his story told on the programme.

73. Chris Daniels tells the story about the bus ticket to _____.

A. describe how painful his early experience was

B. draw a direct response from Alison Burnham

C. show how the programme made him think

D. teach the readers of TV Weekly a lesson

74. According to the passage, Chris Daniels had to walk home because _____.

A. he hadn’t got a return ticket                 B. he had lost his bus ticket

C. he didn’t like big crowds                   D. he missed the bus home

75. What does Chris Daniels now think about his experience on the bus?

A. He should have told the conductor then.     B. He should have been well treated.

C. He regrets going to school alone.             D. He wishes it hadn’t happened.