问题 填空题

下列是以芳香烃A为原料制备扁桃酸()的流程图。请回答下列问题:

(1)A的结构简式为       ,D中官能团的名称是       

(2)C中所有碳原子       (填“能”或“不能”)共面,产物B的结构简式可能有两种,分别为       

(3)写出下列反应的化学方程式:

E→F:                                                       

G→H:                                                      

(4)上述转换中属于加成反应的是       (填序号)。

(5)设计实验证明物质B含有氯元素                                                     

答案

(1)   溴原子

(2)能     

(3)

(4)③⑦

(5)取适量的物质B与NaOH水溶液混合加热,待反应完全后冷却混合溶液至室温,先后加入稍过量的HNO3溶液、AgNO3溶液,如果有白色沉淀析出则证明B中有氯元素

在整个转化过程中,碳链没有发生变化,因此根据扁桃酸H的结构简式确定A为乙苯,乙苯与氯气在光照条件下发生取代反应,生成一氯代物B,氯原子取代的位置不同,将有两种不同的结构

(),B中的氯原子可以用氢氧化钠的水溶液加热,发生水解反应得到氯离子,用银离子检验氯离子的存在,进而确定B中含有氯元素。在氢氧化钠的醇溶液中B发生消去反应,生成苯乙烯C,根据苯环的平面结构和乙烯的平面结构确定,有可能苯乙烯中所有的原子均在同一平面上,C中含有碳碳双键,与溴的四氯化碳溶液发生加成反应生成D(),D在氢氧化钠的水溶液中发生取代反应引入羟基生成E(),E经氧化得到F(),再次氧化得到G(),G与氢气发生加成反应得到扁桃酸H()。

阅读理解

The Maum Sin Yong School says that they are the first in Colorado and the one of only two schools in the US to teach martial arts (武术) to students with mental diseases.

“They do everything that our regular classes do,” says Rob Hansen, Tae Kwon Do instructor. Hansen teaches the kids how to punch (拳打), kick, and block along with the values of the Korean martial arts. He says that they also learn confidence and how to improve their motor skills. “They’ve learned focus, just to be able to pick one item and pay attention to it.”

“Tae Kwon Do is pretty fun,” says Christina Hinkle. She was born with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) and says she never wants to miss class. “Well, how come? It’s pretty fun.”

“Ever since she saw Karate Kid, she’s been running around the house, doing kicks and punches,” says Peggy Hinkle, Christina’s mother. Peggy says that her daughter processes information slowly and taking Tae Kwon Do lessons has helped her in all parts of her life. “It gives her a chance to be a regular kid.”

Wednesday’s class is not a normal class. Instead, it’s a day that all the students have been waiting for. “Today is actually the first day, and I’m actually going to be able to test these guys,” says Hansen. The students would receive their White Belts. However, in order to receive their belts, the students must show off their skills in front of a group of Black Belts.

“Nervous? No way. I’m so excited,” says Christina just before she displayed what she has learned over the past few months. She and the other students also answered questions about the history of Tae Kwon Do, as well as its philosophy (哲学).

“To me, it’s just really important for them to actively see that they are learning something,” says Hansen. “That they actually are able to be rewarded for everything that they’ve done in this class.” All the students passed. They received their White Belts.

“To see the joy in her face was very rewarding,” says Peggy. She videotaped the whole test and hugged her daughter telling her that she’s proud. “Christina feels like she could do anything,” she says.

Christina says that her next goal is to keep working on her skills so she can move up to a Gold Belt. She says, “Oh, my God, I can’t believe I got the first rank.”

小题1: The purpose of teaching the students with mental disease Tae Kwon Do is _______.

A.to help them gain confidence and be skilled at concentration

B.to enable them to punch and kick the other opponents

C.to take part in tournament and win prize.

D.to get rid of their mental diseases and run motorcar小题2:Wednesday is the time ________ according to the text.

A.when the students with mental disease will begin to learn Tae Kwon Do

B.when Hansen’s students will give a display of what they have learned.

C.when Hansen’s students will replace their black belts with white belts.

D.when the parents can see how Hansen teach their children with mental disease.小题3: The example of Christina in the passage suggests________.

A.children are learning Tae Kwon Do with their parents’ company.

B.Rob Hansen is a strict coach of teaching Tae Kwon Do

C.children with mental disease are interested in Tae Kwon Do

D.Tae Kwon Do can cure mental disease.小题4:What can we infer from the passage?

A.Learning Tae Kwon Do is beneficial to children with mental disease both in health and mind.

B.Any child with mental disease should come to learn Tae Kwon Do.

C.Parents understand why Rob Hansen teach children with metal disease.

D.More schools like The Maum Sin Yong School are needed in America.

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