问题 阅读理解与欣赏

①1921年,当最后一只侏儒眼镜猴被制成标本收藏在博物馆,人们就再也没有看到过这种动物。因此,科学家认为侏儒眼镜猴可能已经灭绝了。2008年,这种像老鼠一样大小的灵长类动物被科学家意外地发现,原来它们一直隐藏在印度尼西亚茂密山林中。

②此前,两位印尼科学家于2000年在瑞林都国家公园意外地发现一只侏儒眼镜猴,可惜它误中陷阱,重伤丧命,但至少证明侏儒眼镜猴这一物种尚未灭绝。于是,美国研究人员随同一支印尼当地的科研小组前往该处海拔2100多米的山顶上探察。终于发现了4只侏儒眼镜猴,并且成功捕获了2只雄性和1只雌性个体。他们将无线电项圈套在这些侏儒眼镜猴的身上再将它们放生,这样就可以随时掌握它们的行踪了。

③眼镜猴体形很小,体长一般在9~18厘米之间;体重很轻,50~150克之间,像小老鼠一样,甚至可让它在钢笔上爬来爬去。它有一对异于平常、大得出奇、直视前方的大眼睛,直径都在1厘米以上。眼镜猴不仅以眼睛大而出名,它们的两只膜状的耳朵非常灵敏,只要周围稍稍有一点动静,就能够觉察出来。

④侏儒眼镜猴是眼镜猴中的一种。侏儒眼镜猴也叫小眼镜猴,是世界上最小也是最稀有的灵长类动物。它的体长约为11厘米,体重50克左右,体型只有菲律宾眼镜猴的一半大。除了微小的体型外,它那直径达1.6厘米的大眼睛和浓密的皮毛也特别引人注目,这种皮毛可以让它们在潮湿阴冷的密林中保持正常的体温。

⑤利用无线电项圈,研究人员了解了侏儒眼镜猴的一些习性。例如,虽然侏儒眼镜猴的体型比其他眼镜猴更小,但它们的腿却都几乎一样长。因此,侏儒眼镜猴更善于利用其超长的腿在森林里上下跳跃。从一个树梢跳到另一个树梢。在睡眠方面,这种夜行动物喜欢藏在掏空的树干里休息,比其他眼镜猴更为安静。

⑥侏儒眼镜猴的发现是个令人鼓舞的喜讯,但也有一些环保人士为此担忧,他们担心盗猎者按照新闻线索去捕捉本来就罕见的侏儒眼镜猴。类似的盗猎案件在世界各地都曾有所发生。印尼的研究人员则认为,通过科学研究获得这个物种的更多信息,印尼政府会更好地对它们采取保护措施。

小题1:文章第③段介绍了眼镜猴的哪些特点?(3分)

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小题2:第⑤段介绍了侏儒眼镜猴的哪些生活习性?(2分)

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小题3:根据要求,完成下面两小题。(5分)

⑴分析第①段划线句中“可能”一词的作用。(2分)

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⑵第④段中的划线句子使用了哪些说明方法?并分析其作用。(3分)

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答案

小题1:体形很小、体重很轻;眼睛大;耳朵灵敏(每个特点1分,3分)

小题2:①善于跳跃(1分) ②在掏空的树干里休息。(1分)

小题3:⑴“可能”表推测,说明侏儒眼镜猴并非一定灭绝了,体现了说明语言的准确、严密。(2分)

⑵列数字、作比较,(2分)具体、突出了侏儒眼镜猴的体形小、体重轻的特点。(1分)

小题1:题目分析:读第三段内容,从前向后提取出关键语句,“眼镜猴体形很小”“体重很轻”“它有一对异于平常、大得出奇、直视前方的大眼睛”“眼镜猴不仅以眼睛大而出名”“膜状的耳朵非常灵敏”,根据这些语句连缀起来,即是切题的答案。

点评:在审清题的基础上,找到相应的语段,从前向后寻找关键语句,并根据这些关键语句,概括出它们的特点。提倡分条作答,但要注意分数的设置,一般一分对应一点。

小题2:题目分析:根据语段的提示“例如”,可在其后寻找提取答案。如“因此,侏儒眼镜猴更善于利用其超长的腿在森林里上下跳跃。”“在睡眠方面,这种夜行动物喜欢藏在掏空的树干里休息,比其他眼镜猴更为安静”,根据这些语句,可概括出切题的答案分点作答。

点评:回答这类题目,首先要分析语段中句与句之间的关系,抓住其中的关键语句,然后根据理解概括出切题的答案。

小题3:题目分析:“可能”表推测,说明“侏儒眼镜猴已经灭绝”只是科学家的一种猜测而已。“可能“体现了语言的准确性。“11厘米, 50克左右”是列数字,“体型只有菲律宾眼镜猴的一半大”是作比较,运用数字及比较,具体、突出了侏儒眼镜猴的体形小、体重轻。

点评:说明文语言一般考查准确性和生动性两个方面。对于说明文的说明方法,首先要知道有哪些,即举例子、列数字、作比较、打比方、分类别、下定义。其次要知道其特征及作用。在平时的阅读中,我们要不断加强练习。另外,说明方法的作用是由效果的关键词和其内容上的作用两部分组成的。效果关键词如准确、具体、形象生动、条理清晰的说明了等,内容上一般说明运用说明方法的句子之前的句子。

阅读理解

When a dirty and untidy orange cat showed up in the prison yard,I was one of the first to go out there and pet it.I hadn’t touched a cat or a dog in over 20 years.I spent at least 20 minutes,knelt down behind the kitchen as the cat rolled around,relaxed.What he was expressing outwardly, I was feeling inwardly.It was an amazing bit of grace to feel him under my hand and note that I was reaching a life or another creature with something as simple as my care.

Over the next few days,there were other prisoners responding to the cat.Every yard period,a group of prisoners gathered there.They stood around talking and taking turns petting the cat.These were guys you wouldn’t usually find talking to each other.Several times I saw an officer in the group,not chasing people away, but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisoners.Bowls of milk and water appeared along with bread, wisely placed under the edge of the dustbin to keep the birds from getting it.

The cat was obviously homeless and in pretty bad shape.People said that the cat came to the right place.He's getting treated like a king.This was true.but as I watched I was also thinking about what the cat was doing for us.There was a lot of talk about what's wrong with prisons in America.We need more programs.We need more psychologists or treatment of various kinds.Some may even talk about making prisons more kind.But I think what we really need is a chance to practise our own kindness.Not receive it,but give it.After more than two decades here,I know kindness is not a value that's encouraged.It's often seen as a weakness.

Instead,the culture encourages keeping your head down,minding your own business,and never letting yourself be weak.

The cat did my heart good to see the effect he had on me and the men here.By simply saying,”I need some help here”,he did something important for us.He needed us.And we needed to be needed.I believe we all do.

小题1:From the passage,we can learn that the author was           

A.an animal protector

B.the cat owner

C.a prison officer

D.a prisoner小题2:Which of the following statements is true?

A.The cat was dirty because it was kept in prison.

B.The officer in the prison enjoyed petting the cat.

C.The prisoners prepared food for both the cat and birds.

D.The author realized the importance of practising kindness.小题3:We can infer from the third paragraph that              

A.showing love to others can make prisoners strong

B.the American prison culture will be improved

C.the author is not content with the prison culture

D.caring for others is encouraged in American prisons小题4:What is the best title for the passage?

A.Caring Makes Us Human.

B.Prison Culture is Important.

C.Animals Need Care.

D.Everyone Needs to be Cared for.小题5:In Paragraph 2,the author mentioned that “Several times I saw an officer in the group,not chasing people away, but just watching and seeming to enjoy along with the prisoners.”to              

A.show us the officer and prisoners get along well with each other

B.show us the American prison culture does need improvement

C.show us the officer and prisoners all like cat

D.show us the American prison culture is great

名词解释