问题 推断题

药用有机物A为一种无色液体,从A出发可发生如下一系列反应:请回答:

(1)化合物D结构简式:             ,化合物E中的官能团名称:___________;

(2)写出反应①的化学方程式:                                                     

(3)写出反应④的化学方程式:                                                     

(4)有机物A的同分异体甚多,其中有芳香酸和芳香酯,试各写一种结构简式 _____________;

(5)E的一种同分异构体H,已知H可以和金属钠反应放出氢气,且在一定条件下可发生银镜反应,试写出H的银镜反应方程式:______________________________________。

答案

(1) (2分),羧基  (2分)

(2)+2NaOH+CH3COONa+H2O   (2分)

(3)CH3CH2OH+CH3COOHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O (2分)

(4)(2分); (2分)(合理答案均给分)

(5)    (3分)

题目分析:B能和二氧化碳反应生成D,D能和溴水发生取代反应生成白色沉淀,说明D中含有酚羟基,所以A中含有苯环,A的不饱和度==5,则A中含有一个不饱和键;A能和氢氧化钠的水溶液发生水解反应生成B和C,则A中含有酯基,C酸化后生成E,E是羧酸,E和乙醇发生酯化反应生成G,G的分子式为C4H8O2,根据原子守恒知,E的分子式为C2H4O2,则E的结构简式为CH3COOH,C为CH3COONa,G的结构简式为CH3COOCH2CH3,根据原子守恒知,D的分子式为C6H6O,则D结构简式为:,B为,F为,则A的结构简式为:,则

(1)通过以上分析知,D结构简式为:,乙酸中的官能团是羧基;

(2)反应①是A在碱性条件下的水解反应,反应的化学方程式为

+2NaOH+CH3COONa+H2O;

(3)反应④是在浓硫酸作催化剂、加热条件下,乙酸和乙醇发生酯化反应,反应方程式为:CH3CH2OH+CH3COOHCH3COOCH2CH3+H2O;

(4)A的结构简式为:,属于羧酸类的A的同分异构体有:邻甲基苯甲酸、间甲基苯甲酸、对甲基苯甲酸、苯乙酸,所以有4种,其中一种的结构简式为:;属于酯类的有机物结构简式可以是苯甲酸甲酯或甲酸与邻甲基苯酚或对甲基苯酚或间甲基苯酚形成的酯,其中一种的结构简式为

(5)E的结构简式为CH3COOH,H为乙酸的同分异构体,能发生银镜反应,能和钠反应生成氢气说明H中含有醛基,醇羟基,所以H的结构简式为:HOCH2CHO,该有机物发生银镜反应的方程式为

单项选择题
阅读理解

“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my dad back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to Father Christmas, written after his father had been knifed to death outside his school gate, must have touched everyone’s heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.

But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father there too, either in your mind or heart. I find that my parents, who died years ago, still linger (留连) in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all my mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!” I haven’t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.

It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors(入侵者), and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want me back for Christmas? It’s a serious thought, which gives me pause.

I pray silently, sometimes, in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know death comes to us all, and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan to live together, but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I’m sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.

小题1: According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph ___________.

A.puts forward the subject of the text

B.shows the author’s pity on the kid

C.serves as an introduction to the discussion

D.makes a clear statement of the author’s views小题2:In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us____________.

A.how much he misses his parents now

B.why his parents often appear in his dream

C.when Lucien will get over all his sadness

D.how proud he was when he succeeded in life小题3:What feeling did the author’s mother express in her reply?

A.Proud.

B.Happy.

C.Disappointed.

D.Worried.小题4:In the author’s opinion, the value of a person’s life is _____________.

A.to leave a precious memory to the people related

B.to have a high sense of duty to the whole society

C.to care what others will remember and treasure

D.to share happiness and sadness with his family小题5: What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem?    

A.Call on criminals and murderers to lay down their guns.

B.Advise parents stay with their children safely at home.

C.Spend every day meaningfully in memory of death.

D.Try to keep violence and murder far away from society.