问题 解答题

一棵向日葵所积累的干物质的质量,比原来种到土地里的种子的质量增加了几百倍或上千倍,这些增加的干物质,90%~95%是直接或间接来自光合作用制造的有机物.如图示绿色植物叶片进行光合作用的示意图.

(1)请据题意和图示,把植物体的相关结构和物质填入空格:

(a)如果把绿叶比做一个生产有机物的工厂,那么车间里的“机器”是______;“原料”是______;“产品”是______;“动力”是______;

(b)[2]和[4]进出工厂的“门户”是______;[1]进入植物体主要依靠根尖的______区吸收.[3]在植物体内的运输通道是______;

(2)在生物圈中,绿色植物通过光合作用制造有机物的意义是:______.

答案

(1)(a)光合作用是指绿色植物通过叶绿体,利用光能,把二氧化碳和水转化成储存能量的有机物,并且释放出氧气的过程,用公式表示为:二氧化碳+水

光能
叶绿体
淀粉(储存能量)+氧;因此,如果把绿叶比喻为“绿色工厂”,那么它的“车间”是叶肉细胞;“机器”是叶绿体;“动力”是光能;“原料”是二氧化碳和水;“产物”是有机物和氧气.

(b)气孔是气体交换的门户,[2]二氧化碳和[4]氧气进出工厂的“门户”是气孔;根尖的成熟区是吸收水分主要的部位,[1]水分进入植物体主要依靠根尖的成熟区吸收;植物体内运输有机物的管道是筛管,[3]光合作用制造的有机物通过筛管向下运输到植物体的各个部位.

(2)绿色植物通过光合作用制造有机物的意义是:绿色植物通过光合作用制造的有机物,不仅满足了自身生长、发育、繁殖的需要,而且为生物圈中的其他生物提供了基本的食物来源和能量来源.

故答案为:(1)(a)叶绿体;二氧化碳和水;有机物和氧气;光能(或太阳能);(b)气孔;成熟;筛管;

(2)绿色植物通过光合作用制造的有机物,不仅满足了自身生长、发育、繁殖的需要,而且为生物圈中的其他生物提供了基本的食物来源和能量来源.

阅读理解
阅读理解。
     Xia Ming was worried about his study, so he wrote a letter to a magazine.
Dear editors,
     I'm a slow student in my class. Most of my classmates are much better than me. So I get very
stressed out. It's difficult to keep on working hard and it's really not fun. And I think although I
spend much time studying for the tests. I can't get good grades. My father gives me some help
sometimes. He tells me not to worry about it. But what do you think I should do? 
                                                                                                                              Xia Ming
     Two readers read the letter from the magazine and here are their answers:
Dear Xia Ming,
     Many famous people are not so good at the age like you. Edison, the famous scientist, had a
bad headache for his studies when he was a 12-year-old boy. But everyone knows that he did a
lot for the people in the world. And Newton had the same story like him. You should take it easy,
then try your best. I believe you can do better. 
                                                                                                                         Thumbelina
Dear Xia Ming,
     When you are feeling stressed out, just smile and take a deep breath (深呼吸), you should
believe tomorrow is another day.
                                                                                                                        Mr Unsmart
1. Xia Ming worried about ______.
A. his classmates
B. his life
C. his study
D. his father
2. Thumbelina gave ______ examples in the letter.
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
3. Thumbelina wrote about those famous people _____.
A. to make Xia Ming feel better
B. to make Xia Ming laugh
C. to show how much she knows
D. to show that she dislike them
4. Which is NOT true?
A. Xia Ming doesn't have fun studying at school.
B. Xia Ming's father always helps him with his study.
C. Smiling can reduce the pressure.
D. Edison is famous in the world.
5. "Tomorrow is another day." tells us _____.
A. it's the weekend tomorrow
B. Xia Ming can get good grades tomorrow
C. tomorrow is different from today
D. there are hopes in our lives
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