问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

女性,35岁。恶心1天,呕吐鲜血及血块2次,黑便1次入院。否认有"胃病"史。有支气管扩张咯血史,近3天痰中带血。鉴别出血部位最可靠的方法是()

A.纤维胃镜检查

B.CT检查

C.胃肠钡剂造影

D.呕吐物pH测定

E.粪便隐血

答案

参考答案:A

解析:支气管扩张大咯血时,如将血液咽下,胃受血液刺激,产生呕吐,再将血呕出,易与上消化道出血混淆。呕吐物pH测定对鉴别呕血与咯血有帮助,但遇上述情况即失去鉴别意义。胃肠钡剂检查在消化道出血、呕血时不宜进行,X线胸片或支气管造影即使发现支气管扩张,也不能肯定有咯血,纤维胃镜检查可证实有无上消化出血,是鉴别呕血与咯血的最可靠方法。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     We like to keep our distance from others and there are very specific social rules about how close we can

go to others in particular situations. The social distances here are approximate, of course and will vary with

people. But they are still a good general rule. Hall identified four zones that are common for Americans:

     Public Zone: >12 feet. The public zone is generally over 12 feet. That is, when we're walking around

town, we'll try to keep at least 12 feet between us and other people. Of course there're many times when we

cannot do this. We'll start to notice other people who are with in this distance. The closer they get, the more

we become aware.

     Social Zone:4-12 feet. Within the social zone, we start to feel a connection with other people. When they're

closer, then we can talk with them without having to shout, but still keep them at a safe distance. This is a

comfortable distance for people who are standing in a group but maybe not talking directly with one another.

     Personal Zone: 1.5-4feet. In the personal zone, the conversation gets more direct, and this is a good distance for two people who are talking seriously about something.

      Intimate(亲密的)Zone: <1.5 feet. When a person is within arm's reach or closer, then we can touch them

in intimate ways. Romance of all kinds happens in this space. Entering intimate zone of somebody else can be

very threatening.

     The rules about social distances vary with different groups of people. People who live in towns spend more

time close to one another. In a large and crowded city, the distances will be less than in a small town. Different

countries also have different rules about social distances. Watch a Japanese person talking at a party with a

person from a Western country. The Japanese will step in and the Westerner will step back. Speeded up, it's

like a dance around the room.

1. Which of the following shows how the text is organized? (①=Paragraph 1…)

2. In a less crowded place, an American usually keeps a stranger at a distance of _____ .

A. about 1.5 feet

B. less than 4 feet

C. about 2 feet

D. more than 12 feet

3. If eight people sit in a room and all of them don't talk directly with one another, they prefer _____.

A. Public Zone

B. Social Zone

C. Personal Zone

D. intimate Zone

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. There're some rules about social distances

B. The Japanese are more polite than Americans

C. The rules about social distances can vary

D. Cities have fewer rules about social distances

5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A. The Japanese would like to dance with people from Western countries

B. The Westerner would like to keep close to people they are talking with at party

C. The Japanese would like to keep a distance from people they are talking with at party

D. The social distance between people in small towns is longer than that in large and crowded cities.