问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面文章,完成后面小题。(16分)

3D打印的革命性

①3D打印堪称2012年的一个热词儿。这项由麻省理工学院研究生1995年命名的技术,现在终于变得较为易用和大众化。

②3D打印源自100多年前的照相雕塑和地貌成形技术,上世纪80年代已有雏形,其学术名称叫快速成型,是一种不需要传统刀具和机床就能打造出任意形状、根据物体的三维模型数据制成实物模型的技术,被认为是一项改变世界的新技术。具体地说,人们首先需要通过电脑对实物进行扫描或直接创建一个三维设计图,再通过3D打印机对这个立体原型进行“切片”,一层一层地进行数据记录,然后将原材料按切片数据层层叠加,直到最终成型。

相对于传统的墨只能打印出平面图形文字,3D打印使用的“墨”是那些能发生固化反应的材料,比如树脂、塑料、陶瓷、金属等,因而能“打印”出实实在在的三维立体模型,就像童话中的“复制机”一般神奇。小到一只耳环,大到体积庞大的工程零件、器具,只要获得了原始的模型数据,3D打印机都能将这些东西精准地复制出来。这将使工厂彻底告别车床、钻头、冲压机、制模机等传统工具,从而转变为一种以3D打印为基础的、成本更低、研发周期更短的生产方式。英国《经济学家》杂志曾刊发题为《第三次科技革命》的文章,称3D打印标志着第三次科技革命的到来。以目前的发展情况判断,3D打印之后,必将是社会制造的迅猛崛起。

④据报道,国外目前已经通过3D打印技术成功地“打印”出了手枪、自行车、汽车、电控飞行器等物。美国3D打印服务提供商Shapeways首席执行官彼得称,他们去年已经“打印”了75万种产品,使用的材料包括塑料、不锈钢、银、陶瓷和玻璃等,数量之多令人惊叹。现今,3D打印也应用于珠宝制造和模型制作,在时装业、电影业、建筑业等10多个不同的行业和领域显示出了十足的魅力,并大大改变了美国制造业的格局,以至于美国《时代周刊》将3D打印产业列为“2012年美国10大增长最快的工业”。其实,众多的3D打印创业者此前早已落户以虚拟经济著称的纽约市,即便在2008年金融危机的情况下,3D打印还是拉动了当地的萧条经济,为经济增长贡献了力量。  

⑤3D打印的应用并不止于工业制造,它在医学界也有着广阔的发展前景。设想一下,如果它用来打印的“墨”是一个个活体细胞,那么,只要获得相关器官的切片数据,该器官就可以被“打印”出来。这并非天方夜谭,在去年举行的全球科技娱乐设计大会(TED)上,美国维克森林再生医学学院博士安东尼就向人们展示了这样一个肾脏模型打印的过程。据他介绍,他们正在进行一个更大胆的试验,直接用打印机在人体伤口上进行修复式“打印”,如果取得成功,这将是医学领域的重大进展。                     

选自《 人民日报 》

小题1:请结合2、3节内容,给“3D打印”下一个定义

小题2:3D打印可以广泛地应用于不同的行业,本文则重点介绍了3D打印在___  ______领域和_____  ________领域的应用情况。(2分)

小题3:3D打印有何优点?请分点概括回答。

小题4:第3节中划线句子主要运用了哪些说明方法?有何作用?

小题5:阅读链接材料,结合本文,就3D打印技术的健康发展向政府和3D用户各提一条建议。

材料一:艺术家Joaquin Baldwin近日将其通过3D打印制造出的游戏模型进行出售,版权方《最终幻想》系列生产商Square Enix控诉其侵权,最终3D打印的游戏模型被迫下架。

材料二:悉尼警方怀疑一帮罗马尼亚罪犯使用3D打印机制造银行自动提款机窃取悉尼居民的资金。

答案

小题1:打印是指一种以发生固化反应的材料为“墨”,(1分)根据物体的三维模型进行数据记录和叠加处理,(1分)制成实物模型的打印技术。(1分)(对一点得1分,共3分)

小题2:工业制造 医学前景(2分)

小题3:(1)无需刀具机床(2)可打印任意形状(3)快速立体成型 (4)应用范围广泛 (每点1分,答对其中三点得3分)

小题4:作比较、打比方(2分)鲜明形象的说明了3D打印简易、快速立体成型的特点。(2分)

小题5:示例:向政府:应制定相关的法律法规,防止利用3D打印从事犯罪活动。向3D用户:提高自身思想素质和守法意识,在法律与伦理的轨道上享受3D技术给我们带来的便利,不可利用高科技从事违法犯罪活动。(意对即可)(每点2分)

小题1:

题目分析:结合2、3节内容,注意材料是什么,如何打印,打印出的东西是什么,三个要点概括出来即可。

小题2:

题目分析:根据第4节,看出,应用于“工业领域”,根据第4节,看出,应用于“医学前景”。

小题3:

题目分析: 把3D打印与其他传统的工具相比,写出其优点即可。

小题4:

题目分析:从“相对于”三个字,可以看出使用了作比较,“像童话中的‘复制机’一般神奇”可以看出,采用了打比方的说明方法,然后结合作比较,打比方说明方法的作用具体阐释作用即可。作比较:把某些抽象的或者是人们比较陌生的事物,用具体的或者大家已经熟悉 的事物和它比较,使读者通过比较得到具体而鲜明的印象。事物的特征也往往在比较中显现出来,说明对象的特点突出。打比方:利用两种不同事物之间的相似之处作比较,以突出事物的性状特点,增强说明的形象性和生动性,增强文章的趣味性

小题5:

题目分析:从政府方面,健全法律,从个人来讲需要提高个人修养等。

阅读理解

How would you like an easy way to earn 2,500 dollars? All you have to do is to sit around and wait for your meals.There’s catch, however.You have to stay in a chicken cage with a stranger for a whole week.There are no books or television or radio for amusement.You can’t leave until the week is up.And a camera will be recording your every move.

Two people actually took the job.The idea came from Rob Thompson, a video artist.He wanted to make a film about the way animals are treated.His goal was to raise people’s awareness of the living conditions of animals that are raised for food.He decided to pay $ 5000 out of his own savings to two people who were willing to lie like chicken for a week.

To Rob’s surprise, quite a few people answered his advertisement.He had interviews and selected Eric, a 24-year-old restaurant worker, and Pam, a 27-year-old chemist.The plan was for them to spend seven days together in a chicken cage that was six feet long and three feet wide.A camera would record their experience, which would take place in an art museum.

The week was long and difficult.They slept on a hard wooden floor.They couldn’t stand up without banging(重击)their heads.They ate vegetarian mash(土豆泥)and drank water from a garden hosepipe(水龙头软管).Their only privacy was a toilet surrounded by a curtain.There were no sinks, mirrors, or toothbrushes in the cage.Their only inspiration was the two framed checks that hung on the wall outside the cage.Visitors who came here were warned, “Do not food the humans.”

Finally it was over, Pam and Eric emerged from their cage.They had survived the week, and they each had a $2,500 check in their hands.When Rob Thompson opened the cage, Eric came out, changed into clean clothes, and ate a chocolate bar right away.“It’s great to be able to stand up,” he said.Pam just changed her clothes and left.After a week of visitors and reporters watching her, she didn’t want to talk to anyone.

小题1:What kind of person is Rob Thompson?

A.He is curious about people’s personal life.

B.He is kind-hearted to animals.

C.He hates people around.

D.He likes to help poor people.小题2:What made it most difficult for the two to stay in the cage?

A.They didn’t know each other.

B.They couldn’t lie down to sleep in the cage.

C.They didn’t have meat to eat.

D.They had to do almost everything under others’ eyes.小题3:Rob offered the money because he wanted________.

A.to see if there were any people who would like to live in a cage

B.to show the public how bitter animals’ life could be

C.to make more money by publishing the recorded video tapes

D.to improve housing conditions of working people like Eric小题4:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?

A.Easy Way to Earn $ 2 500.

B.Do Not Feed the Humans.

C.Living Like a Chicken.

D.Getting Along Well Anyway.

单项选择题