问题 单项选择题 A1/A2型题

护理肾衰竭少尿期患者,下列叙述哪项正确()。

A.大量补液

B.摄入含钾食物

C.禁用库存血

D.及时补充钾盐

E.加强蛋白质摄入

答案

参考答案:C

解析:慢性肾衰竭患者的护理措施;精析:肾衰竭患者多伴有水肿,应限制钠水摄入,不能大量补液,故A是错误的。肾衰竭患者易发生高钾血症,因此食物中应限制钾的摄入,则B和D都是错误的。库存血中含钾量高,故尿毒症患者应避免输库存血,所以选C;应低蛋白饮食,且蛋白的摄入量根据肾小球滤过率的不同而进行调整,故E错误。避错:本题应首先考虑高血钾是肾衰少尿期患者死亡的常见原因,所以防治高血钾极为重要,那么就不难判断B和C是错误项。控制入液量也是少尿期的治疗要点,一般以500ml为基础补液量,加前一天的出液量,那么A也是错误的。患者应低蛋白饮食,与E矛盾。

完形填空
完形填空。
     I still remember father spent plenty of time teaching me how to pronounce a word, how to understand
something that I saw for the first time and how to be polite to others. And I will never __1__ one sentence
my father used to say to me, "I love you, son. Say you love me, son." __2__, I would scream, "I love you,
Dad."
     When I was growing up, I found that I had little in __3__ with my father gradually. Sometimes we often
argued about something sharply and then the argument changed into a __4__. I knew there was a gap bet
ween us. I didn't __5__ hearing the words "I love you" from my father the last time. To tell you the truth, I
couldn't honestly remember when I had last said those words to him, either.
     Now father was in hospital. The doctor said it was __6__ and he needed an operation at once, __7__
he wasn't sure whether my father was able to survive (幸免于, 经受得住) it. Everything in my childhood
__8__ in my mind. Then I called and said, "Dad, I love you!"
     There was a __9__ at the other end and he replied coldly, "Well, I love you, too!"
     I cried and said, "Dad, I know you love me, and when you are __10__, I know you will say what you
want to say."
     Fifteen minuets later my mother called and nervously asked, "Paul, is everything OK?"
     A few weeks later I was working when I received my father's call, "Paul, I love you." I was so __11__
that my tears rolled down my cheeks. Perhaps both of us __12__ that this special moment had taken our
relationship to a new level.
     A short while after this special moment, my father finally narrowly escaped death following the heart
operation. I can't __13__ that if I did not take the first __14__ and Dad did not survive the surgery, what
kind of life I would lead now.
( )1. A. forget
( )2. A. Actually
( )3. A. heart   
( )4. A. fight   
( )5. A. expect
( )6. A. risky   
( )7. A. but   
( )8. A. put   
( )9. A. response
( )10. A. free   
( )11. A. touched
( )12. A. required
( )13. A. conclude
( )14. A. effect
B. read   
B. Simply   
B. manner     
B. quarrel   
B. think     
B. serious   
B. because     
B. opened     
B. pause   
B. ready     
B. amused     
B. realized
B. infer   
B. step     
C. understand
C. Naturally
C. mind
C. question
C. enjoy
C. important
C. so   
C. kept
C. silence
C. happy
C. encouraged
C. reacted
C. imagine
C. word
D. practice    
D. Strangely  
D. common      
D. discussion  
D. remember    
D. difficult  
D. for        
D. appeared    
D. surprise    
D. convenient  
D. shocked    
D. reported    
D. decide      
D. advice      
多项选择题