问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读选段,完成后面小题。(共8分)

“空气长寿素”——负氧离子

⑴每当我们来到原野、漫步海边或走进森林的时候,总感到那里的空气特别的新鲜,浑身充满了轻松的感觉。这是什么原因呢?原来,这些地方的空气中含有较多的“长寿素”——负氧离子。

⑵负氧离子是一种带电的颗粒。早在一百多年前,科学家们就发现了空气带电现象。空气之所以带电,就是因为其中含有负氧离子。那么负氧离子又是怎样形成的呢?我们知道,大气中时常发生高压放电现象——闪电,就在闪电发生的瞬间,其周围的空气即被电离,从而产生了大量的负氧离子。

研究表明,树木、花卉释放出的芳香挥发物质具有增加负氧离子的功能。此外,喷泉本身就是一个负氧离子发生器,甚至海里的浪花、喷花的淋浴头也都会产生负氧离子。这就是原野、海边、森林里的负氧离子格外多的原因。

⑷负氧离子在空气中不会无限增多,也不会长期停留,而是不断产生、不断消亡。据测定,北京北海公园每立方厘米的空气中含有负氧离子800多个,而在行人拥挤的王府井大街仅200个左右。负氧离子惧怕灰尘、细菌、病毒,一旦碰到这些小的颗粒,就会发生电荷的传递,致使灰尘和细菌的颗粒变大,当空气托不住它们时便降至地面。这就是负氧离子多的地方有毒颗粒少、空气格外清新的原因。

⑸负氧离子对人的健康非常有益。它不仅能使空气清新,还可以灭菌、除尘、治病。当空气中负氧离子浓度很高时,能抑制多种病菌的繁殖,降低血压,消除疲劳,促进肌体的新陈代谢,调节和促进人体的生长发育。正因为如此,人们才称负氧离子为“空气长寿素”。

⑹据最新出版的美国《生活》杂志报道,世界上三个有名的“长寿村”——巴基斯坦东部的芬扎、厄瓜多尔南部的毕路卡其巴以及前苏联高加索的一个村庄,仅百岁以上的寿星就有数百人。这三个长寿村皆是群山环抱、绿树成荫,负氧离子浓度很高。

⑺懂得了负氧离子的有关知识,我们就要在工作、学习之余经常到郊外、海边去放松放松,这对身体健康是非常有益的。

小题1:本文从           、消亡、           三个方面介绍负氧离子的知识。(2分)

小题2:第⑶段中加点的“研究表明”能否去掉,为什么?(2分)

小题3:第⑹段举三个“长寿村”的例子,具体说明了什么?(2分)

小题4:要增加我们校园空气中负氧离子的含量,可采取哪些措施?(2分)(写出两项即可)

答案

小题1:产生(形成),作用。

小题2:不能去掉,因为“研究表明”用在这里表明了下文所说明的内容并不是主观猜测,而是通过研究得到的结论,是科学可信的。(意思对即可)

小题3:负氧离子对人的健康长寿非常有益。

小题4:栽花种树、修建喷泉、添置负氧离子发生器等。(应不少于两项,措施合理均可)

小题1:

题目分析:此题考查学生的概括能力,仔细阅读文段,2.3段写其产生,4段写其消失的原因,5段写其作用。

小题2:

题目分析:此题考查学生的辨析能力。此类型的题目答案一般都是否定的。从说明文语言特点方面考虑。说明文语言特点准确性、平实性、周密性和科学性。然后结合具体语境进行分析。因为“研究表明”用在这里表明了下文所说明的内容并不是主观猜测,而是通过研究得到的结论,是科学可信的。

小题3:

题目分析:此题考查学生对举例子的作用的把握。举出实际事例来说明事物,使所要说明的事物具体化,形象化,更真切, 以便读者理解, 使内容具体、加强说服力,具体介绍知识的作用。结合语境具体分析即可。负氧离子对人的健康长寿非常有益。

小题4:

题目分析:结合文中信息回答即可。

单项选择题
单项选择题

After the terrorist attacks in America last September, terrorist risk became the pariah of perils. The airline industry was most directly affected by the attacks, and it was the first to find that no one wanted to insure terrorist risk. Insurance companies immediately increased premiums and cut cover for airlines’ third-party terror and war liabilities to $ 50m per airline, per "event". Under pressure from airlines, the American government and the members of the European Union agreed to become insurers of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist liabilities, for a limited period. These government guarantees are due to expire at the end of the month.

The American government has already agreed to extend its guarantee for another 60 days. The EU’s transport ministers are meeting next week in Brussels to decide what to do. Insurers and reinsurers are keen for the commercial market to resume the provision of all airline insurance as soon as possible. No wonder: The premiums for such cover have inevitably increased considerably.

However, in the case of terrorism, and especially of terrorism in the skies, a number of special factors arise. Some are purely practical: a disaster as sudden and unforeseen as the attacks on the World Trade Center has had destructive effects on the insurance industry. The maximum cover for third-party terrorist risk available in the primary aviation market is now $ 50m, and that is not nearly enough cover risks that are perceived to be much higher since September 11th. Even if the market could offer sufficient cover, another catastrophe on such a scale would be more than the market could cope with.

In addition, a rare and devastating risk of a political nature is arguably one that it is right for governments to cover, at least in part. In the wake of attacks by Irish terrorists the British government has recognized this point by agreeing to back a mutual fund to cover risks to property from terrorist attack.

In the case of the airlines, the appropriate answer is some form of mutual scheme with government backing. In fact, under the code-name "Equitime", representatives of airlines, insurers and the American government are setting up an insurance vehicle to be financed by airlines and reinsured by the government. Governments would guarantee the fund’s excess. risk, but their role would diminish as the fund grew.

Setting something up will take time. So, to bridge the gap, governments will have to remain insurer of last resort for airlines’ war and terrorist risk for some time to come.

According to the text, now it is beyond the ability of commercial insurance market()

A. to win the support from governments

B. to cancel provision for airline insurance

C. to cope with overwhelming disasters

D. to rule out third-party terrorist risks