问题 计算题

人们到医院检查身体时,其中有一项就是做胸透,做胸透所用的是X光,我们可以把做胸透的原理等效如下:如图所示,P是一个放射源,从开口处在纸面内向各个方向放出某种粒子(不计重力),而这些粒子最终必须全部垂直射到底片MN这一有效区域,并要求底片MN上每一地方都有粒子到达。假若放射源所放出的是质量为m、电荷量为q的带正电的粒子,且所有的粒子速率都是v,M与放射源的出口在同一水平面,底片MN竖直放置,底片MN长为L。为了实现上述目的,我们必须在P的出口处放置一有界匀强磁场求:

(1)匀强磁场的方向;

(2)画出所需最小有界匀强磁场的区域,并用阴影表示;

(3)匀强磁场的磁感应强度B的大小以及最小有界匀强磁场的面积S。

答案

解:(1)匀强磁场的方向为垂直纸面向外

(2)最小有界磁场如图所示

(3)要想使所有的粒子都最终水平向右运动,带电粒子在磁场中做匀速圆周运动的轨道半径必须与最小圆形有界匀强磁场的半径大小相等,所以有:R=L/2

根据牛顿第二定律:

联立解得

如图所示有界磁场的最小面积为S=πL2/4

单项选择题

The comprehension passages on this course are designed to help you increase your speed. A higher reading rate, with no loss of comprehension, will help you in other subjects as well as English, and the general principles apply to any language. Naturally, you will read every book at the same speed. You would expect to read a newspaper, for example, much more rapidly than a physics or economics textbook but you can raise your average reading speed over the whole range of materials you wish to cover so that the percentage gain will be the same whatever kind of reading you are concerned with.

The reading passages which follow are all of an average level of difficulty for your stage of instruction.

If you get to the point where you can read books of average difficulty at between 40 and 50 w.p.m. with 70% or more comprehension, you will be doing quite well, though of course any further improvement of speed with comprehension will be a good thing.

When you practice reading with passages shorter than book length, do not try to take in each word separately, one after the other. It is much more difficult to grasp the broad theme of the passage this way, and you will also get stuck on individual words which may not be absolutely essential to a general understanding of the passage. It is a good idea to skim through the passage very quickly first (say 500 words in a minute or so) to get the general idea of each paragraph. Titles, paragraph headings and emphasized words (underlined or in italics) can be a great help in getting this skeleton outline of the passage.

Provided there is no loss understanding, a higher reading speed will help in ().

A. English

B. physics

C. other subjects as well as English

D. economics

单项选择题