问题 实验题

控制变量法是研究化学变化规律的重要思想方法。请仔细观察下表中50ml稀盐酸和1g碳酸钙反应的实验数据:

实验

序号

碳酸钙状态c(HCl)/mol·L-1溶液温度/oC碳酸钙消失时间/s
反应前反应后
1粒状0.52039400
2粉末0.5204060
3粒状0.62041280
4粒状0.82040200
5粉末0.8204030
6粒状1.02040120
7粒状1.0305040
8粒状1.2204090
9粒状1.2254540
分析并回答下列问题:

(1)本反应属于__________反应(填“吸热”或“放热”),反应的离子方程式_____________。

(2)实验6和7表明,___________对反应速率有影响,__________反应速率越快,能表明同一规律的实验还有_____________(填实验序号)。

(3)根据实验1、3、4、6、8可以得出条件对反应速率的影响规律是_____________________。

(4)本实验中影响反应速率的其它因素还有________________,能表明这一规律的实验序号是1、2与____________。

答案

(1)放热;CaCO3+2H+===Ca2++CO2↑+H2O;

(2)反应温度;气体条件不变,温度越高;8和9;

(3)反应物浓度越大,反应速率越快;

(4)反应物状态;4和5。

题目分析:(1)通过表中数据,对比反应前后温度变化可知,反应后溶液温度升高,则反应为放热反应,反应的离子方程式为CaCO3+2H+=Ca2++CO2↑+H2O;

(2)由实验6和7、8和9的实验数据可知,温度越高,碳酸钙消失的时间越少,说明温度越高,反应速率越大,,能表明同一规律的实验还有8和9;

(3)实验1、3、4、6、8相同的地方是固体的形状相同,反应前的温度相同,但反应物的浓度依次增大,碳酸钙消失的时间以此减少,说明反应物浓度越大,反应速率越快;

(4)1、2与4、5两组数据反应温度相同,盐酸的浓度相同,但固体的形状不同,实验数据标明粉末时的反应速率大于粒状,则可说明接触面积越大,反应速率越大,能表明这一规律的实验序号是1、2与4和5。

完形填空
The elephant is the biggest four-legged animal in the world. It’s also, perhaps, the gentlest ,   1 not always.
Elephants are like us in some ways. They   2  for a long time—fifty or sixty years. They can  3  things very well. They never forget great sadness or happiness. A female elephant   4 , her daughters and her granddaughters are sad for many months. They stay with the dead   5 . Then they carry a bit of it away with them. They never forget a  6 friend.
Elephants are like us, but they’re also  7 .They live in families; families or females. There will be a few young males-a few “baby boy”. But they will soon be   8 away by their mothers or sisters. An elephant family   9  only its daughters, mothers and grandmothers and its great grandmothers.
The females stay together for fifty, sixty or a hundred years.The older animals   10 the young ones. The mothers teach their daughters and set a good example.And   11  happens to male elephant? Well, the young males stay with their mothers for a time. Then they must   12 the family. The females just send them away. A bull elephant does not often have a friend ,He lives  13 ,away from the family, and away from other bulls.
Sometimes the females call a bull. He can   14 _them then, and they stay for a time. But soon his “wives” and “sisters” send him away again. The females have a very   15   
family life. What do the bulls think about it? We don’t know.
小题1:
A.andB.butC.soD.yet
小题2:
A.playB.workC.liveD.sleep
小题3:
A.rememberB.practiceC.talk D.change
小题4:
A.is hurtB.is caughtC.losesD.dies
小题5:
A.headB.legsC.bodyD.feet
小题6:
A.terribleB.dadC.youngD.dear
小题7:
A.differentB.sameC.specialD.popular
小题8:
A.thrownB.sentC.kickedD.posted
小题9:
A.hopesB.keepsC.AllowsD.frightens
小题10:
A.look atB.carry outC.look afterD.take away
小题11:
A.howB.whoC.whichD.what
小题12:
A.leaveB.stayC.hearD.walk
小题13:
A.sadlyB.hardC.aloneD.noisily
小题14:
A.visitB.beatC.hideD.receive
小题15:
A.dangerousB.happyC.beautifulD.clever
选择题