问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的两段文言文,完成1—4题。

      【甲】庆历中 ,有布衣毕昇,又为活板。其法:用胶泥刻字,薄如钱唇,每字为一印,火烧令坚。先设一铁板,其上以松脂、腊和纸灰之类冒之。欲印,则以一铁范置铁板上,乃密布字印,满铁范为一板,持就火炀之,药稍熔,则以一平板按其面,则字平如砥。若止印三二本,未为简易;若印数十百千本,则极为神速。常作二铁板,一板印刷,一板已自布字,此印者才毕,则第二板已具,更互用之,瞬息可就。每一字皆有数印,如“之”“也”等字,每字有二十余印,以备一板内有重复者。不用,则以纸帖之,每韵为一帖,木格贮之。有奇字素无备者,旋刻之,以草火烧,瞬息可成。不以木为之者,文理有疏密,沾水则高下不平,兼与药相粘,不可取;不若燔土,用讫再火令药熔,以手拂之,其印自落,殊不沾污。

      【乙】凡墨烧烟凝质而为之。取桐油、清油(菜籽油)、猪油烟为者,居十之一。取松烟为者,居十之九。凡造贵重墨者,国朝(本朝)推重徽郡人。或以载油之艰,遣人僦(jiù)居(客居)荆、襄、辰、沅,就其贱值桐油点烟而归。其墨他日登于纸上,日影横射有红光者,则以紫草汁浸染灯芯而燃炷(烧)者也。   (选自《天工开物·丹青》)

1.解释下列语句中加横线的字词。

     ⑴ 其上以松脂、腊和纸灰之类之 (         )

  ⑵ 持火炀之 (          )

     ⑶再令药熔 (         )

  ⑷凡墨烧烟凝质而之(          )

2.甲乙两文中都有不少含“以”的句子,例如“不以木为之者”,请在乙文中找出与例句中“以”的意思和用法相同的含“以”句,写在下面的空白处

                                                                             

3.用现代汉语翻译文中画线的句子。

⑴ 有奇字素无备者,旋刻之,以草火烧,瞬息可成

                                                                              

⑵ 凡造贵重墨者,国朝推重徽郡人。

                                                                              

4.从活字印刷和制墨的方法来看,中国古代人民的智慧和才能令现代人赞叹不已,我们学过的文言文当中还有哪些也是在表现古人杰出的技艺和才能的?请联系其中的一篇课文,再结合现实的例子,谈谈你的感想。

                                                                               

答案

1. ⑴蒙,盖 

 ⑵靠近

  ⑶用火烤   

    ⑷制造 

2.其墨他日登于纸上,日影横射有红光者,则以紫草汁浸染灯芯而燃炷(烧)者也。(答后半句亦可)

3.⑴ 有奇字素无备者,旋刻之,以草火烧,瞬息可成。遇到平时没有准备的生僻字,随即刻制,用草烧火烘烤,一会儿就能制成功。

 ⑵ 凡造贵重墨者,国朝推重徽郡人。大凡制造贵重的墨,(在)本朝首推徽州(今安徽歙县)人。

4.答题要点:可联系《以虫治虫》、《梵天寺木塔》、《于园》、《核舟记》、《口技》等课文,从农业技术、建筑、雕刻、表演技能等角度来结合现实的人或事。

填空题
完形填空
It was only in the eighteenth century that people  Europe began to think mountains were beautiful .___36___ that time, mountains were ___37__ by the people living on the plains,__38___ by the city people, to whom they were wild and ___39___ places in which one was easily ___40___ or killed by terrible animals.
Slowly ,however , many of the people who were living ___41__ in the towns began to grow tired of ___42___. They began to feel interested in looking for things that could not be explained , for sights and sounds which produce a feeling of fear and excitement .___43___in the __44___century, people began to turn away from the man-made __45___ to the untouched country, and particulary ___46___a place where it was dangerous and wild. High mountains began to be __47__ for a holiday.
Then , mountain-climbing began to grow popular as a sport.  To some people ,there is something greatly __48__about getting to the _49___ of a hight mountain .  Struggling against nature is finer than a battle __50____ other human beings. And then, when you are at the mountain top after a long and difficult__51__, what a _52____ reward it is to be able to look _53___on everything within__54___! At such time, you feel happier and prouder than you can ever feel down__55____.
小题1:
A.AfterB.InC.AtD.Before
小题2:
A.hatedB.likedC.fearedD.observed
小题3:
A.howeverB.furtherC.sometimesD.especially
小题4:
A.excitingB.interestingC.dangerousD.alone
小题5:
A.fallen downB.lostC.discoveredD.caught
小题6:
A.unhappilyB.lonelyC.comfortableD.easily
小题7:
A.themB.itC.themselvesD.that
小题8:
A.YetB.SoC.HoweverD.But
小题9:
A.lastB.recentC.eighteenthD.early
小题10:
A.countryB.housesC.townD.planet
小题11:
A.toB.atC.inD.for
小题12:
A.importantB.rightC.necessaryD.popular
小题13:
A.pleasantB.interestedC.dangerousD.terrible
小题14:
A.footB.spotC.topD.tip
小题15:
A.withB.toC.againstD.between
小题16:
A.fightB.climbC.walkD.running
小题17:
A.surprisingB.satisfactoryC.disappointingD.worrying
小题18:
A.behindB.upC.downD.around
小题19:
A.milesB.minutesC.seeingD.sight
小题20:
A.aboveB.belowC.underD.away