问题 问答题

2003年10月15日到16日,我国成功地进行了首次载人航天飞行,成为了世界上继俄罗斯、美国之后笫三个有能力把人送入太空的国家,实现了中 * * 的千年飞天梦.

(1)成人每天要饮用水约2500克.我国首位航天员杨利伟在太空饮用的水取自航天员训练中心的地下矿泉水.这种地下矿泉水属于______

A  混合物  B  纯净物  C  化合物  D  单质

(2)为了使航天员在飞船中得到一个稳定的、良好的生存环境,一般在飞船内安装了氧气再生装置.有人提出在飞船上供氧的两个方案:①通过太阳能电池产生的电流来电解水②通过Na2O2与二氧化碳反应,在生成碳酸钠的同时生成氧气.(2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O2

请从减轻飞船发射重量和消除呼吸过程产生的二氧化碳的角度请你评价这两个方案最主要的优缺点(各写一点)

方案优点缺点
方案①
方案②

答案

(1)我国首位宇航员杨利伟在太空饮用的水取自宇航训练中的地下矿泉水,这种水中含有多种物质,属于混合物.故填:A.

(2)方案①不带发电设备,减轻飞船的质量,但反应同时生成易燃的氢气;方案②产生氧气的同时能消除呼吸过程产生的二氧化碳,但也产生副产物碳酸钠.

故答案为:

方案优点缺点
方案①产生同质量的氧气,飞船发射时质量较轻不能同时消除呼吸过程产生的二氧化碳
方案②产生氧气的同时能消除呼吸过程产生的二氧化碳产生同质量的氧气时飞船发射质量较重

选择题
填空题

Crash-Prone The Solution Could Be Windows XP;
But does It Make Sense to Upgrade Your Operating System


You can hardly turn on the television or click on a Web page without seeing a colorful ad for Microsoft’s new Windows XP operating system, which launched on Oct. 25.
So, now that the long-awaited XP is here, what are you going to do about it Should you upgrade, and if you do, how hard is it and what are the potential drawbacks The decision is pretty easy if you really need a whole new Windows PC. They all come with XP preloaded, and in my tests of a few such models, they seemed to work well. I’m writing this on my own new personal computer, a Dell that came preloaded with Windows XP, and it worked great right out of the box.
The only downside is that if you’re keeping older printers, scanners and other peripherals, you may have to download new "drivers" — the small programs that allow a PC and a peripheral to interact. XP contains many of the drivers for recent-model printers and the like, sparing you from even digging out the disks that came with them. But if you have older equipment, you may have to download new drivers, because the original software that came with the hardware might not work with Windows XP.
It’s harder to decide what to do about XP if you have a PC that doesn’t need replacing. If you’re happy with the way things are working, don’t upgrade. It’s never a trivial thing to change operating systems, and you shouldn’t do it without a reason.
However, there are two big limitations in prior versions of Windows that XP does fix, and that might make an upgrade worthwhile. These are stability — that is, the ability not to crash, or at least to do so rarely — and compatibility. Windows 98 and Windows ME, the previous consumer versions, had wide compatibility with consumer software and peripherals, but lousy stability. Windows 2000, the prior business version, had great stability, but limited compatibility with consumer software and add-on hardware.
Windows XP is designed to combine the stability of Windows 2000 (with which it shares underlying code) with the compatibility of Windows 98 and Windows ME, and in my experience, it does a good job at that. So if you need more reliability or compatibility than your current version of Windows supplies, an upgrade may be in order.
But there’s a catch. Microsoft says that an XP upgrade will really be sensible only if your PC is two years old or less — built after 1999. And you need at least a 300MHz processor and 128 megabytes of memory, though I recommend at least 192MB, and 256MB is even better. Also, you’ll need a roomy hard disk — Windows XP alone will suck up 1.5 gigabytes.
So there are only a limited number of PCs for which upgrading makes sense, and you may have to invest in beefing yours up first.
Not only that, but you must have Windows 98, Windows ME or Windows 2000 on your current system to upgrade. If you have Windows 95 and somehow still have a new enough machine to qualify, you have to buy a very expensive, "full" version of Windows XP, basically wipe out your whole hard disk and start from scratch with XP, losing all your installed programs and settings.
If you’re good to go, you next have to decide which upgrade version of XP is right for you — the $99 Home Edition or the $199 Professional. The differences between them are surprisingly small, and 95 percent of home and small-business users will be fine with the home version. Buy the pro version only if you are running more than a modest network or need special security features.
Note that if you have Windows 2000, or NT 4.0, you can upgrade only to Windows XP Professional, not the Home Edition. If you have Windows 98 or ME, you can choose either flavor of XP.
In my tests, which included five PCs running all the main older versions; the Windows XP upgrades, both home and pro, went very smoothly.
The process took about an hour in each case, and the installation software was friendly and clear in its instructions and progress reports.

The writer’s own experience with the Windows XP upgrades was generally ______.
A. discouraging
B. pleasant
C. nasty
D. odd