问题 问答题

如图所示,一个质量为m=2.0×10-11kg,电荷量为q=1.0×10-5C的带正电粒子P(重力忽略不计),从静止开始经U1=100V电压加速后,水平进入两平行金属板间的偏转电场,偏转电场的电压为U2.金属板长L=20cm,两板间距d=20cm,上极板带正电,下极板带负电.粒子经过偏转电场后进入右侧垂直纸面向里的水平匀强磁场中,位于磁场左侧的理想边界紧邻偏转电场,磁场中其余区域没有边界.磁场磁感应强度为B.求:

(1)微粒进入偏转电场时的速度大小?

(2)若粒子一定会由偏转电场进入磁场中,偏转电压U2满足什么条件?

(3)在(2)前提下若粒子离开磁场后不会第二次进入偏转电场,则磁感应强度B应满足什么条件?

答案

(1)微粒在加速电场中运动过程,由动能定理得:

qU1=

1
2
m
v20

解得 v0=

2qU1
m
=
2×1×10-5×100
2×10-11
m/s=1×104m/s

(2)粒子在偏转电场中,有:

L=v0t

y=

1
2
at2

又a=

qU2
md

由以上各式得:y=

U2L2
4U1d

若粒子一定会由偏转电场进入磁场中,必须满足:y≤

d
2

则得:U2

2U1d2
L2
=
2×100×0.22
0.22
V=200V,即U2≤200V.

(3)当粒子以速度v与水平成θ进入磁场时,将在磁场中做匀速圆周运动,由洛伦兹力提供向心力,则得:

qvB=m

v2
r
,则得,轨道半径为 r=
mv
qB

进入磁场与离开磁场的位置间的距离为x,则 x=2rcosθ=

2mvcosθ
qB

粒子在偏转电场中做类平抛运动,有:vcosθ=v0

所以x=

2mv0
qB
是定值.

若粒子不再第二次进入偏转电场,当y=

d
2
时,有x>d,即
2mv0
qB
>d,

得 B<

2mv0
qd

代入数据解得,B<0.2T

答:(1)微粒进入偏转电场时的速度大小是1×104m/s.

(2)若粒子一定会由偏转电场进入磁场中,偏转电压U2满足条件是U2≤200V..

(3)在(2)前提下若粒子离开磁场后不会第二次进入偏转电场,则磁感应强度B应满足条件是B<0.2T.

阅读理解

Reading comprehension.

     Some people like to get up late, but some do not. In fact, it is really good for us to get up early every day.

Maybe those who don't like getting up early will not believe this, but it is true. Scientists made a survey in

about one thousand people, and then they found that early rising people had less disease than late rising people,

and early rising people also looked healthier than late rising people, and so on.

     So we may know early rising is helpful in more than one way. First, it helps to keep us healthy. We all need

fresh air. But air is never as fresh as early in the morning. Besides, it is useful to do morning exercises.

     Secondly, early rising helps us in our studies. In the morning we learn more quickly and find it easier to

understand what we learn.

     Thirdly, early rising can give us a plan of our work for the day. We cannot work well without a good plan.

     Fourthly, early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work, such as to wash our hands and faces

and eat our breakfast.

     Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit of early rising. They have to make an effort (努力) to do

so. As the English proverb says, "Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise?"

Judge the following sentences true (T) or false (F) according to the passage.

( )1. People don't always agree on whether to e?et up early.

( )2. In the passage the writer gives four reasons for early rising.

( )3. Early rising makes people happier according to the passage.

( )4. Early risers don't look as healthy as late risers. 

( )5. The writer encourages people not to sleep late.

单项选择题