问题 实验题

塑料袋的广泛使用,给我们的日常生活中带来了便利。常用的塑料袋有两种,一种是用聚乙烯[(C2H4)n]制成的,另一种是用聚氯乙烯[(C2H3Cl)n]制成的。某化学兴趣小组的同学收集了一种日常生活中常用的塑料袋,对其组成进行了如下探究:

(1)Ⅰ.鉴别和分析:

①取样,用坩埚钳夹持在酒精灯上燃烧,火焰呈黄色,且无刺鼻气味产生;由此可以初步确定该塑料袋是可能是由              制成的(填“聚乙烯”或“聚氯乙烯”)。

②由于空气中氧气的体积分数为21%,因此用燃烧法确定塑料袋组成时,由于可能会生成既会产生污染,又会增加实验难度和实验误差的有毒气体一氧化碳,故必须使用纯氧。

Ⅱ.设计与实验: 同学们设计了如下图所示的装置,按如下述步骤进行实验:

①连接好装置,检查气密性;②称取7.0g塑料样品,放入装置C中。称量D、E的质量;③通入氧气一段时间后,加热塑料样品,使其燃烧;④塑料样品完全燃烧结束后,停止加热;⑤继续通氧气至玻璃管冷却后,停止通氧气;⑥再次称量D、E的质量。

(2)Ш.思考与结论:

①实验前将所用的塑料样品剪成碎屑的目的是                

②将上述实验操作中的④、⑤颠倒可能导致的不良后果是                ;

③若装置中没有连接仪器B,将使该塑料试样中氢元素的质量测算结果               (填“偏小”、“偏大”、“无影响”)。

④实验后发现D、E装置分别增重9.0g、22.0g,则该塑料中碳、氢元素质量比为                 

⑤塑料由于难以降解,造成白色污染。请说出生活中减少白色污染的一点措施:                  。

答案

(1)①聚乙烯

(2)①增大塑料样品和氧气之间的接触面积,使反应充分

②液体会倒吸到玻璃管(烧管或平行管)中,导致其破裂(或D中液体倒流入C)

③偏大

④6∶1

⑤用布袋购物(其他合理答案均可)

单项选择题
阅读理解

One in 400 children in the United States has diabetes(糖尿病). And the most difficult thing for the young diabetic patients is that many of them don’t have a clear idea when they need to take insulin(a drug used in treating diabetes).The parents of one Long Island boy found the perfect solution—Hero, a specially trained dog that can discover when a diabetic is in trouble and find help.

Johnny Pion, eight years old, is a poor kid that was told he was a diabetic in 2008. He can’t do without insulin. His blood-sugar levels should be closely checked. He even can’t go out to play without his mom or dad fearing he might need help.

With Hero in her new home, Johnny’s parents may worry a little less. They received the news about Hero on the newspaper. The dog cost around $20,000. With the help of friends and family, the Pions brought Hero home from Warren Retrievers in Virginia. Mary Campbell. Hero’s trainer, said the dog could discover the slightest changes in blood sugar by her sense of smell.“Humans have 5 million smell receptors(感受器); dogs have 5 billion smell receptors,”she said.

When the dog discovers something’s wrong, she’ll rub(蹭)her head against Johnny’s legs. If he doesn’t answer her, Hero knows to look for Johnny’s mom and dad. Hero even could ring up 911.

On their first night, Johnny’s was comfortably sleeping in his own bed with Hero and not with his parents for the first time. Night time is very important because blood sugar goes unchecked while sleeping. Now Hero is a round-the-clock nurse.

小题1:Young people with diabetes have difficulty      .

A.telling when they need to take medicine

B.finding what is he best medicine for them

C.remembering the names of their medicine

D.knowing how to keep healthy and live a longer life小题2:Hero can help Johnny because she      .

A.cost around $20,000

B.never sleeps during the night

C.has 5 million smell receptors

D.can discover the changes of blood sugar小题3:What can we learn from the passage?

A.Hero can telephone her owners for help.

B.Hero is helpful for the family.

C.The Pions paid for the dog by using donations.

D.The Pions provided special food for the dog.小题4:After Johnny Pions got ill, he had to      .

A.carry insulin every day

B.go to hospital very often

C.sleep under the care of others

D.live with his family doctor