问题 选择题

得过天花的人就不会再得天花,下列选项中免疫类型与此相同的是(  )

A.烧伤病人护理不当极易发生细菌感染

B.白细胞吞噬侵入组织内的病菌

C.注射过麻疹疫苗的儿童不会再患麻疹

D.消化道中一部分病菌被杀死

答案

免疫分为两种类型,非特异性免疫和特异性免疫.非特异性免疫是人生来就有的,对多种病原体都有防御功能.特异性免疫是后天获得的,只针对某一特定的病原体起作用.计划免疫是根据传染病的发病规律,将有关的疫苗按照免疫程序,有计划地对儿童及青少年进行预防接种,使其在不发病的情况下产生抗体,获得免疫功能.

患天花痊愈后的病人,体内产生了抵抗天花病毒的抗体,并在人体内存留,再有天花病毒侵入人体时,抗体就会将天花病毒清除,人体就不会患天花了,但有其他病原体侵入人体时,这种抗体则不起作用.故这种免疫属于特异性免疫.

A、烧伤致使皮肤受损,病人若护理不当,使人体的非特异性免疫能力减弱,所以容易发生感染而引起严重后果.故这种免疫属于非特异性免疫.

B、血液由血浆和血细胞组成,血细胞包括红细胞、白细胞和血小板,白细胞有多种,有细胞核,比红细胞大,数量少,能吞噬病菌,对人体起着防御和保护的功能.当病菌侵入人体内时,白细胞能通过变形运动,穿过毛细血管,集中到病菌入侵部位,将病菌包围、吞噬.故这种免疫属于非特异性免疫.

C、注射过麻疹疫苗的儿童体内产生了抵抗天花病毒的抗体,并在人体内存留,再有麻疹病毒侵入人体时,抗体就会将麻疹病毒清除,因此不会再患麻疹.故这种免疫属于非特异性免疫.

D、消化道中一部分病菌被杀死,属于第二道防线是体液中的杀菌物质--溶菌酶,具有溶解、吞噬和消灭病原体的作用.这种免疫能力是人一出生就有的,人人都有,对多种病原体有免疫作用.故属于非特异性免疫.

故选:C

单项选择题 A3/A4型题
阅读理解

CITY SIGHTSEEING TOUR

This tour consists of touring the City, Bay and Surrounds Area of the CBD. Toorak(affluent), CliftonHill(reto), Carlton(little Italy), Fitzroy(bohemian), Kew(Studley Park Boat house), The Yarra River...etc

Picture yourself in a Classic Chevrolet Convertible travelling the streets of Melbourne with the wind blowing in your hair and everyone wondering who you are and wishing it was them.

Stopping to view The Bay and have your champagne(香槟酒) and French pastry(点心) on the pier.(码头) 

This is a feeling of luxury, this is unique!

Spend a few hours seeing Melbourne and its surrounds from the perspective of a Classic Convertible Chevrolet Impala (either 1965 or 1968).This unique chauffeured tour lasts 2 hours transports you and up to three friends.

Choose your own route, or let us choose for you and go to places such as Kew Boulevard along the Yarra - a lovely lush area or maybe the Country area of Warrandyte or the Bay area of St Kilda. You might want to have fish'n'chips at Station Pier or coffee and cake at Brunetti's in Carlton!

STOPPING FOR COFFEE AND SNACKS AT CUSTOMERS EXPENSE

MORNINGTON PENINSULA TOUR

When you think Mornington Peninsula you think of rolling hills and rugged coastline, and a beach on every cove.

This tour takes you to an area so diverse of soil, sunshine and rainfall. It has a micro- climate all itself. Its wine and food are unique. There are more than 150 Wineries in the Peninsula. Surrounded by 25 hectares of National Parks it has a mix of rugged coastline, serene wetlands and wild bushland.

We start our tour from Melbourne journey to Frankston, Mornington then Red Hill. We travel to a variety of vineyards.

Followed by lunch at Montalto Vineyard and Restaurant awarded both a Chef's Hat Rating in the 2009 Age Good Food Guide & 5 red stars in the 2009 Halliday Australian Wine Companion. (5 red stars stand for an outstanding winery regularly producing wines of exemplary quality and typicity!)

From here we travel along the picturesque coast line of natural beauty dotted throughout this land of striking contrast.

At your leisure we travel back to Melbourne.

PHILIP ISLAND TOUR

This is our Phillip Island Tour bringing you in touch with wildlife: seals, koalas, penguins not to mention the Island's surfing beaches. Panoramic views of Bass Straight and Cowes. This tour is a very personalized one because there is so much to see and do on this beautiful Island.

THE DANDENONGS/YARRA RANGES DELUX TOUR

With this Tour we take you to Olinda and Sherbrook Forest which is in the Dandenong Ranges, here we travel the winding Mt Dandenong Tourist Road, which has large lush fern gullies and greenery forest, towering Majestic Mountain Ash and beautiful colourful Rosellas.

We stop and visit "The Sky High Observatory" with spectacular views of Mt Dandenong and Surrounds have a cake or a cup of coffee while nestled under the canopy of Australian eucalypts forest and see wildlife in abundance.

We continue our journey travelling across to Coldsteam Hills and Yarra Glen, here we have, "The Yarra Valley Wineries".We stop for lunch at either, ‘Sweet Water Cafe' or Yering Station After lunch we take in some wine tastings, all at your pleasure before traveling back home via Christmas Hills.

小题1:If you are interested in animals, which place would you rather visit?

A.City sighteseeing tour.

B.Momington Peninsula tour.

C.Philip Island tour.

D.The Dandenongs Delux tour.小题2:In which of the following places do the visitors have to have coffee and snacks at their own expense?

A.City Sightseeing tour.

B.Momingcon Peninsula tour.

C.Philip Island tour.

D.The Dandenongs Delux tour.小题3:What are the similarities between the Mornington Peninsula tour and the Dandenongs Dclux tour?

A.You may play with animals there.

B.You can travel with up to three friends.

C.You can travel to an area diverse of soil, sunshine and rainfall.

D.You can taste some wine.